Validity of the latest interpretation on primary energy estimation and dependence of on laboratory momentum

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
B. K. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
B. K. Betal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Energy ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
New Method ◽  
Incident Proton ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Laboratory Momentum

Interpretation on primary energy estimation by Bhowmik, Singh, and Kaul has been substantiated from the data obtained from interactions of a 70 GeV proton beam in nuclear emulsion. Criteria A and B have been applied for the classification of the cascade mechanism and tube mechanism for the energy estimation of individual events. From our experimental data it has been shown that the percentage of coherent production is not as high as claimed by this group, but energy estimation by this new method agrees fairly well with our incident proton energy of E = 70 GeV. Moreover, it is found that [Formula: see text] at 70 GeV/c and our data indicate that[Formula: see text] is independent of laboratory momentum beyond 20 GeV/c.

scholarly journals Smart Design Nano-Hybrid Formulations by Machine Learning

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Raquel de Melo Barbosa ◽  
Fabio Fonseca de Oliveira ◽  
Gabriel Bezerra Motta Câmara ◽  
Tulio Flavio Accioly de Lima e Moura ◽  
Fernanda Nervo Raffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Drug Solubility ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Best Fit

Nano-hybrid formulations combine organic and inorganic materials in self-assembled platforms for drug delivery. Laponite is a synthetic clay, biocompatible, and a guest of compounds. Poloxamines are amphiphilic four-armed compounds and have pH-sensitive and thermosensitive properties. The association of Laponite and Poloxamine can be used to improve attachment to drugs and to increase the solubility of β-Lapachone (β-Lap). β-Lap has antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the low water solubility of β-Lap limits its clinical and medical applications. All samples were prepared by mixing Tetronic 1304 and LAP in a range of 1–20% (w/w) and 0–3% (w/w), respectively. The β-Lap solubility was analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometry, and physical behavior was evaluated across a range of temperatures. The analysis of data consisted of response surface methodology (RMS), and two kinds of machine learning (ML): multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM). The ML techniques, generated from a training process based on experimental data, obtained the best correlation coefficient adjustment for drug solubility and adequate physical classifications of the systems. The SVM method presented the best fit results of β-Lap solubilization. In silico tools promoted fine-tuning, and near-experimental data show β-Lap solubility and classification of physical behavior to be an excellent strategy for use in developing new nano-hybrid platforms.

Measurement of the quantum efficiency of an electron multiplier as a function of incident proton energy

1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Cho ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
A. Mohabbatizadeh ◽  
J. Chai ◽  
H. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Proton Energy ◽  
Incident Proton ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Incident Proton Energy

DOM Products: Activation Energy Estimation and Reliability Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Yi Huang ◽  
Yueh Hsun Lin ◽  
Eric Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Temperature Scenario

A scientific approach is proposed in this research to investigate a disk on module (DOM) product's activation energy based on experimental data that eliminates subjective experience. This study considers multiple temperature conditions to enhance the accuracy of activation energy estimation. In order to ensure the consistency of failure mode in each temperature scenario, the slopes of Weibul probability plots obtained from the failure data are calculated followed by an examination for parallelism. The estimated life time under normal service condition differs from the results obtained using the industrial standard given activation energy by approximately 42%.

SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA WITH THE FRITIOF MODEL IN NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS WITH LIGHT AND HEAVY TARGET NUCLEI IN NUCLEAR EMULSION AT 4.5A Gev/c

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MOHERY ◽  
N. N. ABD-ALLAH
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Multiplicity Distribution ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Heavy Target ◽  
Light Target ◽  
Fritiof Model

The characteristics of the interactions of 4.5 A GeV/c 28 Si nuclei with emulsion have been investigated. The method of separating interactions into those with hydrogen, light and heavy target nuclei has been discussed. The multiplicity distribution, average multiplicities, multiplicity correlation and the angular distributions of the secondary particles emitted in 28 Si -emulsion are calculated according to the Modified Fritiof Model and compared with the experimental data and with other available data for p, 12 C , 24 Mg at the same energy. It has been found that the modified Fritiof model can describe the multiplicity characteristics of the different emitted particles in the above-mentioned interaction with different target groups. The comparison of the experimental data with the modified Fritiof model shows no clear preference for the case of the light target while it seems to be nearer to the experimental data in the case of the heavy target and the emulsion

Wildcards – natural and artificial: the combination of a panel of experts and Fuzzy TOPSIS

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eivazi ◽  
Jafar Sajjadi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Participatory Foresight ◽  
The Future ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
Topsis Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to classify wildcards into three particular types sharing similar characteristics; use the Fuzzy TOPSIS as a new method in foresight to turn qualitative ideas into quantitative ones; and apply a combination of Fuzzy TOPSIS and a panel of experts to prioritize weak signals. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors classify wildcards into three particular types which share similar character: natural wildcards, artificial wildcards (Degree 1) and artificial wildcards (Degree 2). Wildcards point to unexpected and surprising events including important results that can form watershed in the development of a specific trend. In addition, the authors present a Fuzzy TOPSIS model which can be used in various cases to prioritize a number of weak signals and put them in order, so that the most important ones are likely to yield the wildcard in the future Findings The authors presented a classification of wildcards with the same characteristics being natural wildcards, artificial wildcards (Degree 1) and artificial wildcards (Degree 2). The authors also prioritized the weak signals to deal with the most important ones and take appropriate action in advance so as to minimize possible damages and maximize the benefits of potential wildcards in an uncertain environment. Originality/value In this paper, the authors report on the prioritizing of weak signals by applying Fuzzy TOPSIS and classify wildcards. This is significant because, by identifying the most important weak signals, appropriate actions can be taken in the future if necessary. The paper should be of interest to readers in the area of participatory foresight.

scholarly journals Estimating primary energy of cosmic rays by calculating secondary particles density in optimum distance from shower core

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750190
Author(s):  
G. Rastegarzadeh ◽  
L. Rafezi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Particle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Shower Core ◽  
Optimum Distance ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Estimation Function ◽  
Minimum Uncertainty

Optimum distance (R[Formula: see text]) is a distance from the shower core in which the density calculated by lateral distribution function, has its minimum uncertainty. In this paper, using CORSIKA code, proton, carbon and iron primary in the energy range between 10[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV are simulated to find R[Formula: see text] for Alborz-I array located at an altitude of 1200[Formula: see text]m above sea level. It is shown that R[Formula: see text] is approximately independent of characteristics of primary particle and it is only dependent to array configuration. Dependency of R[Formula: see text] on layout and detector spacing for 20 Alborz-I array detectors, are studied. It is shown that the Alborz-I array layout and its detector spacing result into the best (minimum uncertainty) R[Formula: see text] for its number of detectors. In this work, R[Formula: see text] for Alborz-I array is obtained about [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (from NKG function) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (from NKG type function). In addition, it is shown that, by finding dependency of primary energy to density in optimum distance, energy of primary particle can be estimated well. An energy estimation function is suggested and the function is examined by another set of simulated showers.

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