HORTAS URBANAS NO BRASIL: EVOLUÇÃO, DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS

The significant concentration of the world agricultural matrix in polluting sources and with prices subject to instabilities, such as pesticides, has increased the search of countries for alternative agroecological techniques, including urban gardens, as a way of increasing food and nutritional security in the country. population. Thus, through bibliographic research, the objective of this work consists of a descriptive narrative about the potential of urban agriculture, by studying the evolution, challenges and perspectives, consolidating itself in the Brazilian agroecological matrix and contributing in the long run to greater decentralization of food production with less dependence on pesticides. In this sense, Brazil, benefited by natural factors, has favorable conditions for the exploitation of this form of agriculture and experiences great evolution, with urban gardens being among the fastest growing in the country and being one of the most competitive sources of the Brazilian agroecological matrix. However, the need for incentive policies, awareness of the population, planning of farming spaces in urban environments, in addition to creating a new incentive policy for urban agriculture and making greater investments in research and development appear as important objectives to be achieved so that urban gardens can, in fact, consolidate themselves on the national scene.

Detection of transmission change points during unlock-3 and unlock-4 measures controlling COVID-19 in India

ABSTRACTDocumentation in scientific literature is not available on prospective evaluation of the efficiency of the unlock measure related to COVID-19 transmission change points in India, projecting the infected population, planning suitable measures related to future interventions and lifting of restrictions so that the economic settings are not damaged beyond repair. We have applied SIR model and Bayesian approach combined with Monte Carlo Markov algorithms on the Indian COVID-19 daily new infected cases from 1 August 2020 to 30 September 2020. We showed that the COVID-19 epidemic declined after implementing unlock-4 measure and the identified change-points were consistent with the timelines of announced unlock-3 and unlock-4 measure, on 1 August 2020 and 1 September 2020, respectively, effectiveness of which were quantified as the change in both effective transmission rates (100% reduction) and the basic reproduction number attaining 1, implying measures taken to control and mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic in India managed to flatten and recede the epidemic curve.

The Basic Commissioning Cycle

In this chapter, the core purpose of commissioning is presented and there is an orientation to the key stages of the commissioning cycle. These ‘stages’ or key parts of the cycle are those of problem definition and needs assessment, prioritization and planning, procurement and contracting, and monitoring and evaluation. There is an overview of how each contributes to commissioning with a practical emphasis throughout. It is noted that commissioning at its best is a multidisciplinary effort. The chapter also notes that in systems with separate commissioning and provider functions, the onus of population health gain through health services is placed primarily on the commissioner. If commissioner and provider functions become more closely aligned, then hypothetically at least the provider arena would also become increasingly aligned to the work of whole population planning.

ANALISIS PENGARUH KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL, KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP PERILAKU PEGAWAI (Studi Kasus: Badan Kependudukan Keluarga Berencana Nasional Kota Palembang)

<p><em>This study is entitled Analysis of the Effects of Intellectual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Employee Behavior with a Case Study: National Population Planning Board / BKKBN of Palembang City. Knowing the effect of intellectual, emotional and spiritual intelligence on employee behavior is the aim of this study. The research method used is multiple regression model. Data sources are primary data and secondary data. The research instrument uses a random sampling technique, with a population as well as a sample of 85 BKKBN Palembang City employees. The results showed that employee behavior is influenced by the three intelligences. This is evidenced by the results of the t test of each intelligence (spiritual: 2,465, emotional: 2,155 and spiritual: 8,267) and F test (31,065). While the test of the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.535 or 53.5% and the remaining 46.5% is influenced by other factors not included in this study, such as rewards, compensation and others. The correlation coefficient is 0.731. This means that these three intelligence variables affect employee behavior and have a strong direct relationship.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em> Intellectual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence Spiritual Inteliigence, Employee Behavior</em></p>

Implications of rural settlement patterns for development

Under the three law of magnetism [1] the mechanism of pull-push is rapidly increasing [2] in the process of urbanization and as a result the role and function of some settlements have changed. The increase in the population of big cities affects the increase in the radius of influence of the settlement to surrounding area [3, 4]. One of the reasons of rural to urban migration among pastoral herder is growing interest in and attraction to intensive farming systems [4]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify proper population planning of settlements. This research work was carried out in 9 aimags: central and eastern economic regions of Mongolia.The population of small settlements has decreased under the influence of bigger settlements with market and better infrastructure. The roles of these little settlements are now changing to become centers for agricultural production as well as to provide new opportunities to migrant herders. Nevertheless, many of them still lack access to social services and infrastructure. Prior to the 1990s, much attention was given to urban development ensuring their uniformity, and each urban settlement had its own light and heavy industry. However, after the democratic transformations in 1990, agglomeration was carried out in a few settlements to attract population, while some other settlements were overseen. Therefore, it is important to specialize industrial enterprises at settlements, and improve their structure and create a multi-centered system.

Population Planning for a Global Middle Class

This chapter shows how, in the twentieth century, states aimed to implement new ideas of population planning in order to foster the emergence of stable middle classes. The control of fertility thus became an integral part of the global history of the middle classes. Because the nuclear family was at the core of middle-class lifestyle and a prerequisite for its reproduction and economic capacity, states across the globe resorted to population planning after the early twentieth century. For economic and political planners immersed in adapted Malthusian arguments, limiting fertility was a means by which widespread poverty could be mitigated and standards of living raised at a population level to allow everyone to afford middle-class lifestyles. Population control was thus part of the dream of, and for, a global middle class.