The Role of Attachment Styles and Spiritual Intelligence in Predicting Women’s Emotional Divorce

Background: Emotional divorce refers to a situation in which the emotional relationship, support, passion, warmth, attention, love, and intimacy between couples (husband & wife) decline or diminish. Such conditions lead to an unaffectionate marital life to the point that the couples are only together under one roof. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explore the role of attachment styles and spiritual intelligence in predicting emotional divorce in women. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design. The research population included all women filing for divorce who were referred to marriage counseling and couple therapy centers in districts 5 and 6 in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. In total, 400 women who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the study participants using voluntary response and convenience sampling techniques. The required data were collected by the Emotional Divorce Scale, the Adult Attachment Scale, and the Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence. The collected data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis method in SPSS V. 22. Results: The obtained results suggested a significant positive relationship between the anxious-avoidant attachment style and emotional divorce (P<0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional divorce; the higher the spiritual intelligence, the lower the emotional divorce (P=0.02). Accordingly, spiritual intelligence and anxious-avoidant attachment style can predict emotional divorce (Multiple Regressions= -0.58). Conclusion: The present study data suggested that premarital education and counseling before spouse selection help in examining the personality traits of the parties. Moreover, paying attention to the role of health professionals, such as family counselors, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses in providing premarital counseling and education to couples and emphasizing the role of spiritual intelligence and attachment styles may prevent emotional separation and divorce among couples.

Psychological Well-Being of School Counsellors Model

<p style="text-align: justify;">The school counselor’s role is increasingly challenging with various demands of students’ problems and the issue of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic also affect students’ psychosocial and mental well-being. Therefore, school counselors need to equip themselves with high psychological well-being as a self-care factor to deal with burnout, instability, and work stress. This study aims to develop Psychological Well-Being Model among school counsellors. A total of 330 secondary school counsellors from four districts in Selangor were selected as the respondents using the group random sampling method. Data were collected through translated questionnaire instruments, namely Self Compassion Scale, Counselling Self Estimate Inventory, The Assessing Emotions Scale, Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale Revised, and Psychological Well Being-Ryff. Confirmation Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) show that there is a significant positive relationship between self-compassion, counselling self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and the school counsellor’s psychological well-being. The findings also showed that self-compassion, counselling self-efficacy, emotional and spiritual intelligence affected 76.5% (R2 = 0.765) of variance in psychological well-being. This study is one of the earliest in presenting the school counsellor’s psychological well-being model who can contribute to Malaysian education. The implications of this study suggest that the elements of self-compassion, counselling self-efficacy, emotional and spiritual intelligence, and psychological well-being should be applied in the curriculum at the counsellor training level in university so that counsellors have adequate preparation in providing effective services in schools. The Ministry of Education Malaysia, on the other hand, needs to cultivate psychological well-being interventions regularly so that counsellors can always manage various students’ issues in schools as well as maintaining psychological well-being in terms of personnel and professionals.</p>

LEADERSHIP AND ISLAM WASATHIYAH PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR'AN, HADITHS AND 'ULAMA

This paper discusses Leadership and Islam Wasathiyah Perspective of The Qur'an, Hadith and 'Ulama. The leadership displayed by a leader is an implication of his ability to manage his emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence. Goleman in Abd. Kadim Masaong said that optimizing the management of emotional intelligence will produce four competency domains that are very effective in creating a leadership style, namely, the domains of selfawareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. Tawassuth is an attitude that is in the middle or between two attitudes, namely not too far to the right (fundamentalist) and too far to the left (liberalist). With this tawassuth attitude, Islam will be easily accepted in all walks of life. The character of tawassuth in Islam is the middle point between the two ends and it is a virtue that has been placed by Allah Subhana wata'ala from the start. The value of tawassuth, which has become a principle in Islam, needs to be applied in all fields so that the religion of Islam and the religious expressions of Muslims become witnesses of measuring the truth for all human attitudes and behavior in general.

EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AFFECTED BY HUMAN INTELLIGENCE AND MEDIATED BY COMPETENCY

This research begins with the discovery of problems in employee performance. The problem in this study is the low performance of employees, which is indicated by low human intelligence and competence. This study aims to analyze how the influence of human intelligence on employee performance is mediated by competence. With a sample of 90 people, using path analysis data analysis techniques (Path Analysis), the results show that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on competence by 32.95%. Also, emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on performance mediated by competence of 15.88%. Then, intellectual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on competence by 22.49%, while intellectual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on performance mediated by competence by 12.77%. Furthermore, spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on competence by 7.31%, and spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on performance mediated by competence by 2.62%. Then competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance by 73.44%.

Improving Employee Performance Through Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This study aims to analyze the influence of spiritual intelligence and OCB on employee performance at the Denpasar City Social Service. The research population used were all 106 employees who were also used as research respondents. Data was collected using research questionnaires and distributed directly to the Denpasar City Social Service employees. The collected data is then processed with the SmartPLS 3.0 application program. The results showed that spiritual intelligence and OCB had a significant positive effect on employee performance. Spiritual intelligence also shows a significant positive effect on OCB. Furthermore, OCB acts as a partial mediation on the relationship of spiritual intelligence to the performance of Denpasar City Social Service employees. The dominant indicators that contribute to the spiritual intelligence of employees are self-knowledge, focus and contribution, and honesty. More specifically, it can be explained that self-knowledge, a better level of focus and higher honesty will be able to increase employee OCB. While the indicators of the dominant OCB variable in this case are civic virtue (responsibility) and sportsmanship (tolerance). This means that the higher the civic virtue (responsibility) and sportsmanship (tolerance) the employee will be able to improve the employee's performance.

Model of Humanism Education based on Local Wisdom in Elementary School in Bali

This article aims to discuss the model of humanism education based on local wisdom in elementary schools (SD) in Bali. This research is qualitative research whose data collection was obtained through literature study, observation, and interviews with education observers, parents, and education administrators, in Denpasar, Badung, and Gianyar. The results of the data obtained were analyzed descriptively by applying the learning theory of humanism. The results of the study show that first, some of the humanism education materials based on local wisdom in elementary schools were studied based on the principles of Balinese Hindu cultural values, namely Catur Asrama (four stages of life), Tatwam Asi (life filosofy), Tri Kaya Parisudha (three concept of human behavior), and Tri Hita Karana (three concept of human relation). The cultural values of local wisdom are synergized with materials sports to hone intelligence kinesthetic students, materials science and mathematics to hone intellectual (academic) intelligence, as well as language material (Indonesian, English), social sciences, arts-culture, and religion to hone social intelligence, intelligence mental, and spiritual intelligence of students. Second, the principles of local wisdom were applied so that students have a holistic intelligence that intelligence has a physical dimension, intellect (logical reasoning), social, mental, and spiritual.