The influence of aquifer material to the groundwater potency in Ngawi Regency

Until now, groundwater is still the main source of water for domestic needs. Unfortunately not all places can contain groundwater. Groundwater potential in an area is largely determined by the rock layers that make up the aquifer in the area. This study aims to analyze the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and to analyze the potential for groundwater in each geological unit. To achieve this goal, this study is based on the analysis of existing secondary data, such as rock type data obtained from drill data and geological maps. Apart from these data, the main secondary data from this research is geosonar measurement data that has been done previously. In this geosonar estimation, VLF (Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic technology is used, which is a geophysical method that uses very low radio communication frequency signals (15-30 kHz) to determine the anomalies of the electrical properties of rocks. The results showed that hydrogeologically, Ngawi Regency can be divided into two, namely areas with high groundwater potency in the central and southern parts and areas with rare groundwater in the northern part. In addition, it is also known that there is a relationship between the aquifer material and the groundwater potency. Alluvial deposits which are dominated by sand and gravel have high groundwater potency, while the Kalibeng Formation which is composed of solid marl and Anggota Banyak Kalibeng Formation composed of andesite breccias is a scarce groundwater area.

Transport of Nanoplastic under groundwater aquifer flow and transport conditions

<p>In terrestrial environments soils are hypothesized sinks for plastic particles. Nonetheless, due to the existence of preferential flow paths as well as a variety of geochemical and microbiological processes, this sink may only be temporary. A vertical translocation from soils to groundwater aquifers eventually occurs along different pathways. In these conditions Nanoplastic transport characteristics are similar to colloidal transport behavior. Therby the magnitude of plastic transport is eventually governed by complex interplay between the particle with its surrounding media (particle-particle, particle-solvent, particle- porous media) masked by different hydro-geochemical and microbiological conditions. The physical entrapment of particles (straining) may be significant when the particle diameter exceeds 5% of the median grain size diameter. Below that size additional electrostatic, van der Waals or steric interaction become increasingly important.</p><p>We present a preliminary dataset on the interaction between Nano-sized Polystyrene (PS) with different surface coatings and a variety of common minerals occurring in groundwater aquifers under the presence of Natural Organic Matter (NOM). The reference aquifer material is based on the Danish subsurface structure of Quaternary and Miocene aquifer material, e.g. quartz, calcite and pyrite among others. In our study, batch scale interactions are up-scaled in column flow and transport experiments, simulating different groundwater aquifer flow conditions in the presence of selected minerals and NOM.</p><p>This aims to clarify transport behavior of plastic pollutant in the subsurface environment. Furthermore, it serves as guide in qualitatively assessing and quantifying the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers to Nanoplastic pollution.</p>

DELINEATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONE IN THE INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN THROUGH GIS ANALYSIS

Water availability for domestic and irrigation purpose is the lifeline of the society and plays a dominant factor in the agriculture development of the country. Though Nepal is rich in water resources, nation-wide surface water irrigation network is yet to be established to meet the year round irrigation. The readily available shallow groundwater is considered as vital in meeting the domestic and irrigation water need. The shallow groundwater irrigation in the country has been emphasized and this system is contributing in the irrigation facility at present. Understanding the potential of shallow groundwater would support to further develop the shallow irrigation cluster wells in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. A systematic and comprehensive tube well database in GIS platform serves better for the groundwater potential delineation purpose. Thicknesses of aquifer material, well yield, hydraulic conductivity, water table are some of the decisive parameters for delineating the groundwater potential areas. However, all parameters are not always available. In such situation, the analysis can be performed with the thickness of aquifer material and yield of the well that are widely available in the reports of concerned organizations. Present study shows the GIS based analysis of aquifer parameters in one of the Terai districts of Nepal to delineate the shallow groundwater potential zones. The method adopted in the present study can be applied in other parts of the country, which would better serve for effective development planning and providing irrigation service to the farmers.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 104-109

Bench-Scale Flushing Experiments for Remediation of Hg-Contaminated Groundwater

Bench-scale laboratory column experiments were conducted to determine the desorption characteristics of Hg in the aquifer material from an area of known elevated Hg concentrations in groundwater under flushing conditions. The experimental results showed that columns packed with perched aquifer material (PA) showed flushing of Hg, with the general decline of effluent Hg concentrations over time (from 0.05–0.1 mg/L in the beginning to 0.0001–0.003 mg/L at the end of the experiment). Columns with lower aquifer material (LA) showed nondetectable level of effluent Hg throughout the experiment. Possibility of redissolution/desorption of Hg after static condition (for the duration of 18 days) was tested, showing only slight rebound of Hg concentrations after equilibration. The results suggest that removal of up to 20% of Hg inventory in the sediment could be achievable for the duration of the experiments (about 10 pore volumes). The results also indicate that the treated water from the water treatment plant was more effective compared to deionized water, probably due to complexing agents contained in the treated water.