Architecture on Paper : The Development and Function of Architectural Drawings in the Renaissance

Drawings and the practice of drawing take centre stage in an investigation of what ‘designed’ Renaissance architecture, and what led the medieval master builder to gradually develop the characteristic features of the modern architect. This article focuses on the languages of drawings that were employed and developed by Renaissance architects. Examining the variety of functions that different graphical languages had within design and building processes, the article draws upon a storied argument between two Florentine architects to illustrate the conceptual and social tensions epitomized by drawing. The final section examines architectural drawings as means of communication beyond the building site, calling particular attention to the printed drawings that became increasingly important in the sixteenth century.

Mobile Application Development for Spectral Signature of Weed Species in Rice Farming

Weed infestation happens when there is intense competition between rice and weeds for light, nutrients and water. These conditions need to be monitored and controlled to lower the growth of weeds as they affected crops production. The characteristics of weeds and rice are challenging to differentiate macroscopically. However, information can be acquired using a spectral signature graph. Hence, this study emphasises using the spectral signature of weed species and rice in a rice field. The study aims to generate a spectral signature graph of weeds in rice fields and develop a mobile application for the spectral signature of weeds. Six weeds were identified in Ladang Merdeka using Fieldspec HandHeld 2 Spectroradiometer. All the spectral signatures were stored in a spectral database using Apps Master Builder, viewed using smartphones. The results from the spectral signature graph show that the jungle rice (Echinochloa spp.) has the highest near-infrared (NIR) reflectance. In contrast, the saromacca grass (Ischaemum rugosum) shows the lowest NIR reflectance. Then, the first derivative (FD) analysis was run to visualise the separation of each species, and the 710 nm to 750 nm region shows the highest separation. It shows that the weed species can be identified using spectral signature by FD analysis with accurate separation. The mobile application was developed to provide information about the weeds and control methods to the users. Users can access information regarding weeds and take action based on the recommendations of the mobile application.

13. Transfigurations and Interferences of the Ballad Master Builder Manole with the Opera Genre. Choral Polychromies

One of the fundamental myths of the Romanian literature, Master Builder Manole had various approaches in the opera genre. On individual stylistic paths as musical language and show formula, Alfred Mendelssohn, Gheorghe Dumitrescu, and Sigismund Toduță reinterpreted the myth of the human sacrifice, in an extremely nuanced approach of the transfiguration of the ancient folklore. The choral inserts are polychromatic, having different forms and formulas: men choir, female choir, mixed choir, choral conglomerations. The three composers wrote a romantic music, in terms of content, and a classic one, in terms of the formal elements themselves.

Ahasverus Rottenberger metszete Buda 1598. évi ostromáról

Very few representations appeared of the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom, Buda seized by the Ottomans in 1541, over the 16th century. Until the unsuccessful attempt to recapture Buda in 1598 only eight engravings are known. The siege of Buda as a significant event kindled interest and reports appeared all over Europe, but only eight pictorial reports – or engravings – were printed. The article briefly describes all depictions printed until 1598 and those of the siege. The latter were unfortunately re-moulding of earlier depictions and conveyed more or less fictitious vedutas, with one exception. The exception is the print based on imperial master builder Ahasverus Rottenberger’s on-the-spot survey drawings the whereabouts of which was unknown for nearly a hundred years. The writing discusses the search for the artistically mediocre engraving of Rottenberger, before evaluating it from diverse viewpoints, e.g. of local history. Importantly, this is the first print to correctly represent the topographic features of Buda, thanks to the careful observation.

Concluding Remarks

After Hedda Gabler, Ibsen wrote four more plays: The Master Builder, Little Eyolf, John Gabriel Borkman, and When We Dead Awaken. With its darker tone and dense, image-laden prose, his late work has been described as melancholy. In each of these late plays, the topic of the past, of individual and collective history, features centrally. At least two of the late plays—three, if we include ...

Contractors as modern Master Builders: Virtual Design and Construction as an enabler of meaningful experiences to project teams for achieving optimized substation management

Effective substation management should include engineering and construction costs. While the construction process has to be methodically planned and sequenced to achieve optimized construction costs, substation designers play a vital role for delivering cost-efficient substations. Integrated design and construction has been proposed as a way to achieve effective project management, which historically viewed, was a responsibility of a “master builder”, thus causing Contractors to identify themselves as “master builders”. As EPC is a highly competitive arena, Contractors are looking for ways to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Some are turning to 3D technologies, while others turn to the design-construction integration. Virtual Master Builder (VMB) supports both 3D technologies and the design-construction integration. Due to a global shortage of worldwide available expertise, Contractors turn to education and training of their employees. While education aims at providing basic skills, training aims to provide the skill necessary to do the job. This paper examines these basic skills as a part of personal mastery before defining organizational learning as a key organizational competence. Physical Virtuality realm is seen as a fruitful ground for staging of memorable and transformational experiences leading towards achieving “accelerated learning”, and especially 4D models as representations of a “space-time” environment. The project case of Skopje 4 SS 380/110 kV rehabilitation is given as an example of 4D models usage. Project Engineering is seen as a middle ground between engineering and management in order to achieve goals of effective substation management and cost-efficient substation solutions. Project teams are seen as Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) users to achieve these goals.

The Artist’s Destiny in Jewish Collective Memory: From Traditional Society to the Avant-Garde and Modernism

The destiny of an architect, painter, or carver working on the construction and decoration of an Eastern-European synagogue is a popular subject in Jewish folklore and literature. These stories are related to the international tale “The Giant as a Master Builder” (classified as АТ 1099), which Jewish storytellers adapted to their audiences. This paper discusses narratives circulated in traditional societies of Central-Eastern Europe, traces formal and meaningful changes that surface in Jewish records of these legends in the early twentieth century, and shows the further transformation of the subject in national-romanticist, avant-garde, and modernist artistic discourses of the twentieth century. The adaptation of this international theme within Jewish folklore helps us to interpret Jewish collective memory regarding the artist and his work on a sacralized object.

Masterbuilder as a Team Interdisciplinary Project Team. An Attempt at Analysis

It's a striking fact that in a world of highly specialized professions (stimulated by the development of science and technology) as well as precise legal regulations defining rules of standalone practice in building industry, we've lost a single person capable of providing full knowledge necessary for completing building venture, as it was common 100 years ago. It's not a good time for a master builder, we know from middle ages. Every planning venture, whether its purpose is to create a chair or a city, requires appropriate preparations. What distinguishes these two extreme examples, in particular, is the scope of knowledge necessary for their execution. While a chair is a relatively simple task to complete, it can be planned and executed by a single person, a contemporary building or a city requires the cooperation of various specialists. Interdisciplinary cooperation, although sometimes perceived as a problem and an unpleasant necessity, can be an opportunity for a unique work outcome. The article is an attempt of analysis of this complex problem, which by reviewing selected reference material - including both scientific studies and testimonials of outstanding practitioners - introduces its concise characteristics, problems, and advantages, but, most importantly, tries to define the conditions required for successful collaboration.