scholarly journals Ahasverus Rottenberger metszete Buda 1598. évi ostromáról

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Szalai Béla
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Master Builder

Very few representations appeared of the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom, Buda seized by the Ottomans in 1541, over the 16th century. Until the unsuccessful attempt to recapture Buda in 1598 only eight engravings are known. The siege of Buda as a significant event kindled interest and reports appeared all over Europe, but only eight pictorial reports – or engravings – were printed. The article briefly describes all depictions printed until 1598 and those of the siege. The latter were unfortunately re-moulding of earlier depictions and conveyed more or less fictitious vedutas, with one exception. The exception is the print based on imperial master builder Ahasverus Rottenberger’s on-the-spot survey drawings the whereabouts of which was unknown for nearly a hundred years. The writing discusses the search for the artistically mediocre engraving of Rottenberger, before evaluating it from diverse viewpoints, e.g. of local history. Importantly, this is the first print to correctly represent the topographic features of Buda, thanks to the careful observation.

III.—The Drumlin Topography of South Donegal

1912 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Boulder Clay

Most people who have lived in strongly glaciated countries are familiar with the topographic features known as drumlins. They are more or less elongated hills of boulder-clay with their long axes parallel to the direction of ice-motion. The literature dealing with them is extensive, but for the most part rather unsatisfactory. Their mode of formation is entirely a matter of speculation and is likely to remain so. There is every reason to believe they are deepseated products of the ice, so that observation of the process in modern ice-sheets is impossible. The only available means of getting at the truth is by careful observation of the peculiarities of form and structure exhibited by these features in the areas where they are most characteristically developed.

Waqf and Patronage in Seljuk Anatolia: the Epigraphic Evidence

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 69-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Standard Handbook ◽  
Master Craftsman ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Master Builder ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence

L. A. Mayer's Islamic Architects and their Works, a provisional list of individuals associated with the erection of Muslim buildings, has justly become a standard handbook of Muslim architectural practice. However, this varied as much as in the West, from Byzantium through the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. There are differences of basic vocabulary: the ustādh (master builder or master craftsman) of Seljuk Anatolia is unknown in the Maghrib; differences of status, suggested by the frequency of “signatures” in Seljuk Anatolia and their rarity in Mamlūk Syria and Egypt; or even differences of organization, particularly the Ottoman khāṣṣa mi‘mārlari, a corps of architect-engineers whose rôle in the 16th century has been briefly described by Şerafettin Turan but whose existence in Seljuk Anatolia is highly dubious. The present article is an attempt to use the Seljuk foundation inscriptions of Anatolia, which have not hitherto been exploited as a source, to illuminate Seljuk practice, despite the obvious difficulty of generalizing from the very inadequate evidence.

scholarly journals Eurocentrism and the Historical Perception About the Malays

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Azmi Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
European Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study examines the effects of Eurocentrism to the view of the character, nature and image of the Malays especially in the period of British colonialism in the 19th century. This research explains why Eurocentrism creates confusing and negative views of the nature, civilisation and wisdom of the indigenous people. Eurocentrism is a form of thoughts that often measures and defines non-European civilisation through historical, cultural, religious, geographical, scientific and progressive perspectives based on Western or European values, which is considered to be supreme. The beliefs transpired in the minds of scholars and European politicians as early as the 16th century, and some were extended in the writings about local history by means of the roles played by the European colonial explorers and administrators. In the process of colonising and exploiting the wealth of the indigenous people, the European explorers and administrators often created records that could explain not only the economic potentials of the area that they intend to colonise, but also depicted the inferior characteristics and civilisations of that society to justify their colonisation attempts. In the process, they produced a record of colonial history which later became key references to historians to understand and explain the traits of the indigenous peoples. The ideas behind that colonial history were not only biased as the result of exaggerating the ignorance and retrogression of the indigenous people; it even sought to undermine the wisdom and civilisation of the indigenous people. This is to highlight their own superiority and noble values when placed side by side with the values of the indigenous people. Despite the prejudice, the Eurocentric colonial history is very influential in Malaysia's historiography until this day. This study explains how the influence of thoughts has blurred the understanding of the actual traits of the indigenous peoples and create an apparent confusion over the history of Malay society.

Field-Ion Microscopy of BCC Metals: A Study of Image Differences and Topographical Variations

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
O. T. Inal ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Surface Atom ◽  
Image Brightness ◽  
Field Ion Microscopy ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Bcc Metals ◽  
Electron Orbital ◽  
Ion Microscopy ◽  
Field Ion Microscope

When sharp metal filaments of W, Fe, Nb or Ta are observed in the field-ion microscope (FIM), their appearance is differentiated primarily by variations in regional brightness. This regional brightness, particularly prominent at liquid nitrogen temperature has been attributed in the main to chemical specificity which manifests itself in a paricular array of surface-atom electron-orbital configurations.Recently, anomalous image brightness and streaks in both fcc and bee materials observed in the FIM have been shown to be the result of surface asperities and related topographic features which arise by the unsystematic etching of the emission-tip end forms.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Fine Structure of Cytochalasin Induced Polyploid Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Nestor Bohonos
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Nuclear Surface ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Polyploid Cells

Cytochalasin B, a mould metabolite from Helminthosporium dermatioideum has been shown to interfere with specific cell activities such as cytoplasmic cleavage and cell movement. Cells undergoing nuclear division in the presence of cytochalasin B are unable to complete the separation of the resulting daughter cells. In time-lapse studies, the daughter cells coalesce after an initial unsuccessful attempt at separation and form large multinucleate polyploid cells. The present report describes the fine structure of the large polyploid cells induced in Earle's L-cell monolayer cultures by exposure to cytochalasin B (lγ/ml) for 92 hours.In the present material we have seen as many as 7 nuclei in these polyploid cells. Treatment with cytochalasin B for longer periods of time (6 to 7 days, with one medium change on the 3rd day) did not increase the number of nuclei beyond the 7 nuclei stage. Figure 1 shows a large polyploid cell with four nuclei. These nuclei are indistinguishable in their fine structure from those of the cells from control cultures but often show unusually large numbers of cytoplasmic invaginations and extensions of the nuclear surface (Figure 2).

Progress in high-resolution CRYO-SEM imaging of viral particles

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
Ya Chen ◽  
Geoffrey Letchworth ◽  
John White
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Low-temperature high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (cryo-HRSEM) has been successfully utilized to image biological macromolecular complexes at nanometer resolution. Recently, imaging of individual viral particles such as reovirus using cryo-HRSEM or simian virus (SIV) using HRSEM, HV-STEM and AFM have been reported. Although conventional electron microscopy (e.g., negative staining, replica, embedding and section), or cryo-TEM technique are widely used in studying of the architectures of viral particles, scanning electron microscopy presents two major advantages. First, secondary electron signal of SEM represents mostly surface topographic features. The topographic details of a biological assembly can be viewed directly and will not be obscured by signals from the opposite surface or from internal structures. Second, SEM may produce high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio images. As a result of this important feature, it is capable of visualizing not only individual virus particles, but also asymmetric or flexible structures. The 2-3 nm resolution obtained using high resolution cryo-SEM made it possible to provide useful surface structural information of macromolecule complexes within cells and tissues. In this study, cryo-HRSEM is utilized to visualize the distribution of glycoproteins of a herpesvirus.

TEM observation of iron oxide pillars in montmorillonite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-883
Author(s):  
H. Mori ◽  
Y. Murata ◽  
H. Yoneyama ◽  
H. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Transmission Electron

Recently, a new sort of nano-composites has been prepared by incorporating such fine particles as metal oxide microcrystallites and organic polymers into the interlayer space of montmorillonite. Owing to their extremely large specific surface area, the nano-composites are finding wide application[1∼3]. However, the topographic features of the microstructures have not been elucidated as yet In the present work, the microstructures of iron oxide-pillared montmorillonite have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.Iron oxide-pillared montmorillonite was prepared through the procedure essentially the same as that reported by Yamanaka et al. Firstly, 0.125 M aqueous solution of trinuclear acetato-hydroxo iron(III) nitrate, [Fe3(OCOCH3)7 OH.2H2O]NO3, was prepared and then the solution was mixed with an aqueous suspension of 1 wt% clay by continuously stirring at 308 K. The final volume ratio of the latter aqueous solution to the former was 0.4. The clay used was sodium montmorillonite (Kunimine Industrial Co.), having a cation exchange capacity of 100 mequiv/100g. The montmorillonite in the mixed suspension was then centrifuged, followed by washing with deionized water. The washed samples were spread on glass plates, air dried, and then annealed at 673 K for 72 ks in air. The resultant film products were approximately 20 μm in thickness and brown in color.

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