DEVELOPMENT OF A BIM INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFLOW ADAPTED TO FACILITIES OF LAND SUBDIVISION PROJECTS IN MOROCCO

Land subdivision represents a complex procedure which leads to the construction of a set of buildings and utilities necessary for the viability of the project: Roads, sewerage network, water network, electricity network and telecommunication networks. The techniques adopted so far to carry out land subdivision projects in Morocco have certain limitations. Several stakeholders are necessary for the realization of a land subdivision and many 2D plans and documents are used. These plans and documents are independently produced and carried out by the various trades involved in the project. If a change is made to one element of the project, which often happens, several documents and plans are affected and must be updated. This can be a source of errors and conflicts and can lead to an increase in the time and cost of the hall project. This study proposes the development of a Building Information Modelling (BIM) infrastructure workflow adapted to land subdivision projects in Morocco. The integration of BIM in this type of project is an innovation in the Moroccan context. It will improve the design, simplify communication and collaboration between the various stakeholders and facilitate the management and the monitoring of the project. The resulting digital BIM model can be used to produce 2D and 3D construction plans, take measurements and plan work. It constitutes the basic platform to perform calculations and simulations at any stage of the infrastructure life cycle and to detect and resolve interferences in a collaborative environment.

BIM-Based Co-Simulation of Fire and Occupants’ Behavior for Safe Construction Rehabilitation Planning

Construction renovation projects increase the risk of structural fire, mostly due to the accumulation of combustible construction materials and waste. In particular, when the building remains operational during such projects, the redistribution of occupants and interruptions with access corridors/exit egress can exponentially increase the risk for the occupants. Most construction projects are, however, planned and scheduled merely based on the time and budget criteria. While safety is considered paramount and is meant to be applied as a hard constraint in the scheduling stage, in practice, safe evacuation considerations are reduced to rules of thumb and general code guidelines. In this paper, we propose simulation as a tool to introduce safety under structural fire, as a decision criterion, to be mixed with time and budget for selecting the best construction schedule alternative. We have used the BIM (building information model) to extract the building’s spatial and physical properties; and have applied co-simulation of fire, through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and occupants’ evacuation behavior, through agent-based modeling (ABM) to estimate the average and maximum required safe egress time for various construction sequencing alternatives. This parameter is then used as a third decision criterion, combined with the project’s cost and duration, to evaluate construction schedule alternatives. We applied our method to a three-floor fire zone in a high-rise educational building in Montreal, and our results show that considering the fire safety criterion can make a difference in the final construction schedule. Our proposed method suggests an additional metric for evaluating renovation projects’ construction plans, particularly in congested buildings which need to remain fully or partially operational during the renovation. Thus, this method can be employed by safety officers and facility managers, as well as construction project planners to guide accounting for fire incidents while planning for these types of projects.

Analisis Kinerja Jalan Tengkuruk Permai dengan Mikrosimulasi Pemindahan Terminal dan Parkir Badan Jalan

Tengkuruk Permai street is currently used for city transportation terminals, on street parking, access and exit to 16 Ilir market parking lot (off street parking), entrance to Ampera Bridge, passenger access to LRT stations and Skate Park. The various functions of this street caused the reduction in street service levels at certain hours and become a congestion point in Palembang city. This study aims to obtain the results of the analysis of Tengkuruk Permai’s street performance in the scenario conditions of terminal relocation and on street parking. The data were collected directly by measuring and enumeration then micro-simulated with the Vissim software. Vissim microsimulation modeling is carried out in existing conditions and scenarios by combining the 3 (three) floors parking building construction plans, city transport routes, Tengkuruk Permai street which has been cleared of on street parking and terminals, street networks around the research location and intersection arrangements concurrently. The street performance analysis uses the calculation of the V/C ratio, where the calculation of the street capacity uses the Vissim microsimulation output such as speed, density and volume obtained in the link of segment evaluation menu. Capacity determination is using the calculation of relation of flow (q), velocity (v) and density (k). The scenario of relocating the city transport terminal and street parking to the 3 (three) floors parking building plan at 16 Ilir market parking lot can increase the capacity of Tengkuruk Permai Street from 1087,88 pcu/hour/direction to 2295.15 pcu/hour/direction and improve the service level from level E to level A.

UTILIZATION OF BIM IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SUBMARINE TUNNEL: A CASE STUDY IN XIAMEN CITY, CHINA

Building information modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology that can effectively solve the problems of information dispersion, complex personnel management, and lack of construction supervision, which often occur during the construction of tunnel engineering. Taking the construction of Haicang Tunnel in Xiamen, China as a case study, the utilization of BIM technology in the design stage, the construction simulation and operation are demonstrated during the full-life cycle of the project. During the construction of Haicang Tunnel, the technologies of BIM 3D, BIM 4D, BIM 5D, and Cloud Platform are used to make the construction process controllable and to facilitate the implementation and deployment of construction plans. BIM 3D is a visualization method to show the detailed model in the construction. The design is optimized by the navigation collision function of BIM 3D. BIM 4D adds the time schedule into BIM 3D model to show the construction schedule. BIM 5D adds the cost into BIM 4D model to show the construction consumption. The methods of BIM 4D and BIM 5D can assist the engineering management in allocating resources and funds in the project. Cloud Platform is used to effectively implement information management.

Digital Drawing for Designers

AutoCAD continues to dominate the two-dimensional drafting marketplace for architects and interior designers. Digital Drawing for Designers: A Visual Guide to AutoCAD 2021 is designed to help this community by using visual methods to lead to understanding. Starting with the building blocks of drawing (lines, circles, and arcs), the book progresses through architectural graphic standards, enabling students to create presentation and construction drawings that effectively communicate their design ideas. Advanced features such as annotative dimensions, annotative blocks, express tools, and linking drawings (XREFs) are also covered. Instructions are illustrated using language and concepts from manual drafting, facilitating a smooth transition to the digital environment for all designers, and shows just how your paper idea becomes a digital reality. Clear, concise, and above all visual, this AutoCAD guide gives you exactly what you need to become a pro at this program. New to this Edition: - Instructional graphics are updated to reflect AutoCAD 2021’s features and user interface - Backwards compatible with AutoCAD versions 14 through 2021 - Improved instruction on creating furniture plans, reflected ceiling plans, construction plans, and detailing - Updates for changes to AutoCAD web and mobile apps - Integrates instruction to draw, dimension, annotate, and print using the International system Units (SI), or metric system

A grey-forecasting based multiple linear regression model for planning nursing homes

With the increasing demand for elderly care institutions in society, the issue of elderly care has become a serious social problem and a widely publicised livelihood issue. In order to actively respond to the trend of a deeply ageing population, the infrastructure of urban elderly care services is being strengthened. Led by relevant government departments, many scholars are exploring a model suitable for the development of elderly care in China, taking into account the experience of elderly care services at home and abroad. This paper proposes a universal planning model for elderly institutions based on multivariate integer linearity, introducing the zoning method and grey forecasting. It solves the problem of deciding the number of elderly institutions to be built in each district of a particular city in the government's future planning. Using Nanjing as an example, the model is then substituted with data from the Nanjing Rating Standards for Nursing Homes (for Trial Implementation) to obtain a table of construction plans for various types of nursing homes in five major stages during the period 2021-2035 and a map of the recommended distribution of nursing homes. The model simplifies complex calculations by transforming multivariate non-linear problems into linear ones. The simulation results have been proved to be practical and universal. The research results of the thesis can provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the construction projects of elderly institutions and other functional infrastructures where the population gathers, which is conducive to the promotion of urbanisation and pulling economic growth, and provides material guarantee for the improvement of people's living standards..

Assessing Architecture-and-Landscape Integration as a Basis for Evaluating the Impact of Construction Projects on the Cultural Landscape of Tourist Seaside Resorts

The coastline of Western Pomerania has natural and cultural assets that have promoted the development of tourism, but also require additional measures to ensure the traditional features and characteristics are protected. This is to ensure that new developments conform to a more uniform set of spatial structures which are in line with the original culture. Today, seaside resorts are characterized by a rapid increase in development with a clear trend towards non-physiognomic architectural forms which continually expand and encroach on land closer to the coastline. This results in a blurring of the original concepts that characterized the founding seaside resort. This study evaluates 11 development projects (including a range of hotels, luxury residential buildings and hotel suites) built in 2009–2020 in the coastal area of Western Pomerania. An assessment of architecture-and-landscape integration for each development project was made, using four groups of evaluation criteria: aesthetic, socio-cultural, functional and locational factors. The study methodology included a historical and interpretative study (iconology, iconography, historiography) and an examination of architecture-and-landscape integration using a pre-prepared evaluation form. Each criterion was first assessed using both field surveys and desk research (including the analysis of construction plans and developer materials), and then compared with the original, traditional qualities of the town. This study demonstrates that it is possible to clearly identify the potential negative impact of tourism development on the cultural landscape of seaside resorts, and provides recommendations for future shaping, management and conservation of the landscape.

Analisis Pemanfaatan Barisan Tiang Bor Sebagai Konstruksi Penahan Tanah Pada Lokasi yang Sempit dan Padat

[ID] Peningkatan sektor wisata di Bukittinggi memberi dampak terhadap peningkatan kebutuhan akan penginapan sebagai tempat tinggal sementara para wisatawan. Pada kondisi lain, wilayah Kota Bukittinggi cenderung memiliki lahan yang terbatas dan sudah dipadati dengan bangunan. Bagian lain pembangunan hotel di Kota Bukittinggi memerlukan fasilitas parkir, karena keterbatasan wilayah parkir di Kota yang sempit ini maka pembangunan gedung dengan memanfaatkan basement kedalam tanah menjadi alternatif pilihan. Sementara stabilitas bangunan yang telah memadati lokasi rencana pembangunan gedung baru menjadi kendala yang harus dihadapi. Kerusakan struktur tanah dapat terjadi baik secara langsung seperti penurunan daya dukung tanah dan keruntuhan dinding penahan tanah, sedangkan secara tidak langsung dapat terjadi seperti adanya kerusakan bangunan akibat getaran yang disalurkan dari tanah ke struktur bangunan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaat tiang bor sebagai konstruksi penahan tanah pada lokasi yang sempit dan padat Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui angka aman pada stabiltas tanah dengan pemanfaatan barisan tiang bor. Metoda peneltian dengan menggunakan barisan pondasi bor sebagai penahan tanah. Berdasarkan analisis dengan parameter geoteknik tanah di lokasi, maka diperlukan dua lapis barisan tiang bor dengan diameter 50 cm untuk kedalaman yang berbeda. Lapisan pertama dari elevasi muka tanah asli hingga elevasi kedalaman 15m dan lapisan kedua dari elevasi dasar basement kedua hingga kedalaman 18m. Berdasarkan analisis maka diperoleh faktor keamanan 1,2 untuk galian hingga kedalamam 4 m. Untuk kedalaman galian yang lebih dari nilai faktor keamanan berkurang hingga mendekati nilai 1,0 sehingga diperlukan penanganan modifikasi dalam pemanfaatan barisan tiang bor ini. [EN] The increase of the tourism in Bukittinggi has an impact on the increasing need for lodging as temporary residence for tourists. In other condition, restrictions on artificial tall buildings area are limited of regulations. Meanwhile, restrictions on the construction of tall buildings in an area are limited regulations. In Bukitinggi, West Sumatra, the construction of high buildings is a less than the "Clock Tower". Meantime, the construction of hotels in the city of Bukittinggi requires parking facilities. Building construction is using basement into the ground becomes an alternative choice. However, the stability has been packed with the location of building construction plans is an obstacle that must be faced. Damage to the soil structure can directly, bearing capacity of the soil and the retaining wall is collapse. Damage of buildings by vibrations transmitted from the ground to the building structure. Soil retaining construction is a civil building that has a function of ground motion barrier that caused by pressure forces on the ground and water. Methods using sheet pile are also considered, but due to environmental disturbance these methods are not used. As a suitable choice, a row of drill foundation is used as a buffer. Based on the analysis of the soil geotechnical parameters at the site, two layers of bored pillars with a diameter of 50 cm are needed for different depths. The first layer from the original ground level elevation to 15m depth elevation and the second layer from the second basement base elevation to 18m depth.

The Effect of Dissolved Cavern on the Fracture Propagation in Vuggy Carbonate Reservoir

The acid-fracturing is applied wildly to simulate the formation in vuggy carbonate reservoirs. But it does not figure out clearly the mechanism of fracture propagation while fracture encountering dissolved cavern, and there are few researches considering the influence of dissolved cavern on fracture propagation. In order to study fracture propagation regularity in vuggy carbonate reservoirs, numerical simulations are carried out by the seepage–stress–damage coupling equation based on the damage mechanics theory and the accuracy of the model is validated by comparison with experimental results. Some factors influencing the fracture propagation such as dissolved cavern, formation parameters, and construction parameters are considered. The simulation results show that there are four fracture propagation forms after the fracture encountering dissolved cavern, namely, block, crossing over directly, crossing over after deflection, and deflection. The entire process of injecting the pressure curve can be divided into five stages: initial initiation zone, encountering dissolved cavern pressure released zone, the dissolved cavern inside builds the pressure zone, re-ruptured zone, and fracture propagation zone. The horizontal principal stress difference of the formation controls the tendency of fracture propagation and the generation of branch fractures. It is easy to generate branch fractures under the condition of low horizontal principal stress. The increase in horizontal principal stress limits the deformation of fracture, making it more convenient for fracture to extend toward the maximum horizontal principal stress. The study results are significant for optimizing fracturing construction plans and improving the probability of connection between fracture and dissolved cavern.