Remarkable Properties of Isotope Effect

Present paper is devoted to the non - accelerator manifestation of the strong nuclear interaction - the heart of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which is part of the Standard Model (SM). The observation of isotopic shift (0.103 eV) of the zero - phonon emission line in photoluminescence spectra of LiD crystals (possessing a strict interaction in the deuterium nucleus) comparison with LiH (in the hydrogen nucleus of which there is no strong interaction) is a first direct proof of the strong nuclear long - range character. The non - accelerating measurement of the strong interaction constant from the distance between nucleons made it possible to find the maximum possible value of αs = 2.4680. The isotopic acquisition of mass by massless fermions is briefly discussed

The Application of MRI for Scanning Internal Cracks of Cement-Based Material

Regarding the internal structure of cement-based materials, some major concerns the mode of distribution of pores, pore size, and the type in which they are connected. A thorough understanding of the distributive rules of pores and the approaches to break their links will be a considerable contribution to enhancing the durability of cement-based materials. There are several methods to discover the pores of cement-based materials, but cannot show the exact location of pores and the structural links. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely applied to physical examinations. This technique has matured and is now able to obtain information and 3-D images about the organs of recipients without causing damage. The signals from MRI indicate where the hydrogen nucleus is located. However, MRI is seldom used for cement-based materials. In this study, we use H2O as the source of MR image signals in the mortar. Through this experiment, we verify that MRI can be used to analyze the distribution of internal cracks in cement-based material.

Names for muonium and hydrogen atoms and their ions(IUPAC Recommendations 2001)

Muons are short-lived species with an elementary positive or negative charge and a mass 207 times that of the electron. These recommendations concern positive muons, given the short lifetime of negative muons. A positive muon mimics a light hydrogen nucleus, and names are given in analogy to existing names for hydrogen-containing compounds. A particle consisting of a positive muon and an electron (µ+ e -) is named "muonium" and has the symbol Mu. Examples: "muonium chloride," MuCl, is the equivalent of deuterium chloride, 2 HCl or DCl; "muoniomethane", CH 3 Mu, is the product of the muoniation of methane;and NaMu is "sodium muonide."

Isotope Effect on The Electronic Structure of Hydrogen in Metals

ABSTRACTThe effect of the isotopic mass on the redistribution of electron charge and spin density around a light impurity such as hydrogen in metals has been studied. Considered in this review are: (a) the magnetic hyperfine coupling to the hydrogen nucleus and the effect of isotopic mass, (b) the isotope effect in hydrogen impurity resistivity, (c) the reverse isotope effect in superconducting PdH(D) and (d) the thermally induced detrapping of hydrogen from the vicinity of solute sites in metallic hosts.