MULTILAYERED SETTLEMENT TAGANAEVO 5 IN CISURALS (PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH)

In November 2019 the joint group of researcers from the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Institution of History, Language and Literature of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science has conducted archaeological exploration with the aim to find new monuments of the Middle Ages in the Kushnarenkovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of this exploration Taganaevo 5 settlement was discovered. Collection of materials found in the course of the test pits drilling consist of animal bones, fragments of pottery and handbuilt ceramics, clay coatening, hand forged nails, a fragment of the iron knife and a lithic core. Taganaevo 5 presents itself a multilayer site. The upper strata of its’ cultural layer refer to the ethnographic time dating back to the 19th century, middle strata contain ceramics of Bahmutino and Kushnarenkovo cultures (V-VII ) and at the lower strata have ceramics of the Srubnaya archaeological culture related to the era of the late Bronze Age and the Eneolithic (Agidel culture). Exploraion works which are aimed at finding new archaeologial sites in the forest-steppe zone of the Cis-Urals as well as the cultural and chronological attribution of these sites contribute greatly to the accomulation of a source base for an archaeological map showing resettlement of the representatives of the Agidel ceramics culture and representatives of the Srubnaya, Kushnarenkovo and Bahmutino ceramics types. As well as the location and spread of the settlements (historical sites, villages and auls) during the Modern Age.

Recent Trends in Global Economic Inequality

Since the 1980s, globalization has reduced between-country inequality and increased within-country inequality in most countries. There has been a debate about whether global inequality, which combines both between- and within-country inequalities, increased or decreased. With more adequate and updated data over the past two decades, this debate has been settled. Global inequality unmistakably diminished in the age of globalization. Underlying this reduction in aggregate global inequality is the rise of China and India into the middle strata of the global income distribution, income stagnation of the working class in rich countries, and the expansion of internal inequality in poor and rich countries. This shift in global income distribution contributed to new geopolitical conflicts and political backlash against globalization in the developed world. This global distributive politics will in turn determine the future of globalization and shape the trajectory of global income inequality change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 47 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

LIVING IN UNCERTAINTY - PROSPERITY AND THE ANXIETIES OF NGO MIDDLE-CLASS WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKETISATION AND PRIVATISATION IN VIETNAM

Studies of the new middle-class often write about the anxieties of falling behind with its members acquiring their middle-class status from uncertain and unpredictable market values. This type of anxiety is typical for members of the white-collar middle-class who often deal with pressures to maintain a conspicuous consumption level to remain in the middle strata. I argue that some of the anxieties associated with wealth experienced by the new middle class in Vietnam are also the result of a mode of governmentality that is used by the state to boost individual self-reliance and economic efficiency with the appeal of public contributions. Governmentality, in Foucault’s proposition, consists of technologies that allow the state to govern individuals from a distance with the vision of correct conduct. This mode of governance is done in Vietnam through the idea of “moral conduct”, by which the state guides the autonomous economic activities of individuals with the moral appeal of public contributions. This paper looks at the performance and experiences of Vietnamese female NGO professionals in the process of marketisation and privatisation in Vietnam. I show that their economic and professional performances demonstrate the morality of domestic responsibilities and public contributions, resembling the symbol of the virtuous woman in Vietnam’s Confucian and socialist tradition, a symbol which continues to be applauded by the state. The findings in this paper are drawn from my PhD research project at the University of Leeds, with data collected from a six-month fieldwork study conducted in Hanoi between 2016 and 2017.

Térbeli-társadalmi átalakulás, szociális válság és válságkezelés Miskolc és Ózd gettósodó városrészeiben

In spite of the great multitude of regional and urban development interventions, urban ghettos as particular spaces of social and/or ethnic segregation have remained integral segments of socio-spatial structures of the rural hinterland of Northern Hungary since the regime change. Different social, economic, environmental, political and cultural factors have contributed to one of the deepest and most complex socio-structural crises in Hungary. Over the past quarter century, despite significant public and even EU financial support, the Roma and the extreme poor have experienced very little development in terms of their living standards. This improvement is still far from the average quality of life concerning low and low-middle strata people. Even though local governments have made steps towards mitigating the seriousness and extreme homogeneity of ethnic and/or poverty ghettos in recent decades. This could have been achieved due to urban regeneration projects, including de- and anti-segregation. These have involved the demolition of ghettos and the displacement of a large proportion of the extreme poor living in misery. The ‘spectacular’ results that might be observed in these areas have been overshadowed by the fact that ethnic-based ghettoization has not decreased significantly in the region for more than three decades. Instead, only its patterns have changed. Segregation, in fact, still persists, though in a modified form. Some of the notorious urban ghettos located in the vicinity of the city center have disappeared, and thus poverty has been ‘swept away’ from these areas. They were replaced by larger number of spatially fragmented, ethnically similar homogeneous neighborhoods. In the end, the conflicts still exist in different intra-regional and intra-urban contexts, mostly in some secluded spots of the rural countryside – far from social scientific observation and media attention. The emergence of these ‘islands of extreme poverty’ provide evidence of not one, but rather several parallel social realities in Hungary. These ghetto spaces are so different from mainstream ones that they might accurately be called ‘Another Hungary’.

Model Implementasi Bioenginering Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Longsor

Landslide is one of the high frequency disasters that occur in Indonesia. The incident recurs every year with a different location. The fact that landslide hazards are used intensively for agricultural cultivation due to economic considerations. One of the efforts to mitigate this disaster is the Bioenginering implementation approach. Bioenginering activity is the application of landslide hazard area management by managing plants / vegetation. The purpose of this research is to implement a vegetative technology implementation model as an effort to mitigate landslides. Bioenginering implementation is designed with a combination of ecological and socio-economic approaches. The results of this combination are consulted with the affected community and consider various vegetation alternatives. The selected vegetation not only has an ecological function but also an economic function. With these considerations, a vegetation design is obtained with a combination of upper strata (trees), middle and lower strata. For the upper strata it is recommended to plant Petai (Parkia speciosa) and Durian (Durio zibenthinus), for the middle strata, namely Coffee (Coffea arabica) and lower strata plants are pineapple (Ananas commocus). The combination of plants such as the implementation at the field level will be accepted by the farming community, because every certain period of time the farmers will be able to harvest their crops without having to remove the plants or cut down the plants. Maintaining the level of land cover and land use has implications for maintaining the stability of soil moisture conditions which in turn can reduce the threat of landslides in landslide hazard areas.

“This small gift is dedicated to...” Dedicatory inscriptions of Tambov bibliophiles on the civil press books of the 18th century

The tradition of book-making is closely connected with the formation and development of private library collections in Russia in the 18th century, which began its development with representatives of the noble class as the main book-holders who had the opportunity to purchase fairly expensive publications. Subsequently, the transfer of books began to spread among the middle strata, who viewed book-making primarily as a kind of mark for summing up a certain stage in their life – training, service, etc. Often on such gifts, short inscriptions (inscripts) were applied, containing personal information of a different nature. This work is dedicated to the inscriptions on the civil press books of the 18th century from the collections of Tambov second-hand booksellers. We prove that a careful reading of the dedicatory inscriptions allows us to trace the motives of do-nation, the nature of the relationship between second-hand booksellers and the history of their collections. Thanks to the conducted work, we create new and supplement the existing meetings of book owners. We show the connections of individuals with institutions revealed through donation inscriptions. We trace the individual trajectories of individual editions, which can be identified through the presence of the records of several donors who consecutively donated books. Consideration of the scripts allows us to present the book as a translator of the personality of its owner and a reflection of historical events.

Caractéristique structurale des zones marécageuses de la forêt de la Tanoé-Ehy (Sud-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire)

Cette étude vise à dégager les différents états de dégradation de la végétation au sein de la forêt marécageuse de la Tanoe-Ehy, à travers 4 relevés linéaires de 100 mètres de long. L’analyse de ces relevés a montré qu’au niveau des types biologiques, l’espèce Combretum racemosum P. Beauv. (Combretaceae) représente l’essentielle des espèces lianescentes. Dans cette forêt, parmi les espèces qui contribuent fortement à la formation de la végétation, il y a la présence des espèces vulnérables de l’UICN. Concernant les recouvrements, les strates basses sont faiblement occupées. Cependant, la végétation est dense dans les strates moyennes. Ces recouvrements ont montré que la dégradation de la structure des milieux est une conséquence de l’exploitation villageoise. Par ailleurs, cette forêt marécageuse présente des recouvrements particuliers qui n’ont jamais été observés en forêt dense humide de Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés : Structure, végétation, forêt, marécageuse, types biologiques, recouvrements. Englsih Title: Structural Characteristic of the marshy areas of the Tanoé-Ehy forest (Southeastern Côte d'Ivoire) This study aims to identify the different state of vegetation degradation within the Tanoe-Ehy swamp forest, through 4 linear surveys 100 meters long. Analysis of these surveys showed that at the level of biological types, the species Combretum racemosum P. Beauv. (Combretaceae) is the essential of lianescent species. In this forest, among the species that contribute heavily to vegetation formation, there is the presence of vulnerable IUCN species. For overlays, the lower strata are poorly occupied. However, vegetation is dense in the middle strata. These recoveries have shown that the degradation of the structure of the environments is a consequence of village exploitation. In addition, this swamp forest has special overlays that have never been seen in the dense rainforest of Côte d'Ivoire. Keywords: Structure, vegetation, forest, swampy, biological types, recoveries.