Disepalum rawagambut (Annonaceae), a new tree species from peat swamp forest of Sumatra, Indonesia

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The Potency of Cratoxylum arborescens Blume (Geronggang) and Combrecarpus rotundatus Dans (Tumih) as Natural Regeneration in Degraded Tropical Peat Swamp Forest

The massive forest fire disasters have left an enormous area of ​​degraded peatland. This study aims to analyze the performance of two species, namely C. arborescens and C. rotundatus, as the natural regeneration post forest fires. This research was conducted in 5 different locations that experienced severe fires in 2006. We made a total of 25 plots for each location to measure biodiversity at four growth levels. We analyzed the data with vegetation analysis formulas from Magurran. The results show that at the tree growth level, C. rotundatus can withstand the fires in 2006 and is currently still growing in more significant numbers than C. arborescens. At the pole, sapling, and seedling growth levels, these species perform well as natural regeneration species with many individuals, but C. arborescens is a bit more dominant. Both species are suitable for natural regeneration after fires in degraded peat swamp forests based on survived and existing individuals. On the other hand, both species could not improve the vegetation diversity in the whole ecosystem. These two species can be the option for natural regeneration if there a limited budget and the degraded areas are in a very remote location.

STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT PASCA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

The fire of forest and land especially in forest swamp forest have cause changes in the environment biophysical significant the impact on the occurrence of changes in the environment social. Changes in the environment biophysical and environmental social as the impact of the change over to the area of forest swamp peat has been encouraging people to do the adaptation so that they still exist as individuals and as a community to sustain life ( existence ) and improved its well-being life ( welfare ). Based on the background behind it then needs to do research. From the results of the interim research, it was found that there were various adaptation patterns of the community in adapting to peat swamp forest after fires, including adaptation of land use and adaptation of job diversification outside of work based on forest and peat swamp land use.

Nitrous oxide emission from conservation forest of Kampar Peninsula peatland ecosystem

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas with a warming potential of 300 times higher than CO2. Conserving of intact peat swamp forest can hold the natural physical and chemical properties of the soil, such that the N2O emission occurs naturally. To quantify N2O emission from peatland ecosystems, data availability is highly needed. The objectives of this study were to quantify the emission of N2O and determine the main factors controlling N2O emission from peatland conservation forests. This research was conducted from January to December 2020 in the Kampar Peninsula, Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. This study found that N2O emission at peatland conservation forest was 0.23 ± 0.19 kg-N/ha/year. Substantial changes in soil and environmental factors such as water table, soil temperature, soil moisture, water-filled pore space, NH4-N, and NO3-N significantly affect the exchange of N2O between peatlands and the atmosphere.

Characterization of peat deposit using ground penetrating radar: Survey experiments and data interpretation

The paper deals with the possibilities of different wave frequency antennae applications for estimation of the depth of peat deposits and detection of peat layers with different physical characteristics. We employed a GPR system “OKO-2” (“Logical systems”, Russia) with 250 MHz, 700 MHz, and 1700 MHz shielded antennae. The surveys were conducted in 2017–2019 within the pristine and drained raised bogs and swamp forest in the south taiga subzone of Western Siberia to assess the spatial differentiation of the peat deposit and the modern peat accumulation rate within drained bogs. The peculiarities of field surveying, GPR data processing and interpretation are shown. Based on GPR data analysis the influence zone of Bakchar bog and modern peat accumulation within drained bogs were assessed. We noted that the Bakchar bog has a vast zone of influence reaching 700 m from the bog border where peat accumulation is observed. The modern peat accumulation is observed within Bakchar the bog. Drained sites of Ust-Bakchar bog are characterised by the absent peat accumulation or degradation of the peat deposits.

Dinosaur bonebed amber from an original swamp forest soil

Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ancient terrestrial ecosystems. However, the preserved palaeodiversity and/or taphonomic characteristics of these exceptional localities had hitherto limited their palaeobiological potential. Here, we describe the amber from the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur bonebed of Ariño (Teruel, Spain) using a multidisciplinary approach. Amber is found in both a root layer with amber strictly in situ and a litter layer mainly composed of aerial pieces unusually rich in bioinclusions, encompassing 11 insect orders, arachnids, and a few plant and vertebrate remains, including a feather. Additional palaeontological data—charophytes, palynomorphs, ostracods— are provided. Ariño arguably represents the most prolific and palaeobiologically diverse locality in which fossiliferous amber and a dinosaur bonebed have been found in association, and the only one known where the vast majority of the palaeontological assemblage suffered no or low-grade pre-burial transport. This has unlocked unprecedentedly complete and reliable palaeoecological data out of two complementary windows of preservation—the bonebed and the amber—from the same site.

Assessing Impact of Multiple Fires on a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Using High and Very High-Resolution Satellite Images

Tropical peat swamp forests, found mainly in Southeast Asia, have been threatened by recurring El Niño fires. Repeated burnings form a complex and heterogeneous landscape comprising a mosaic of burned patches of different fire frequencies, requiring fine-scale assessment to understand their impact. We examined the impact of the El Niño fires of 1998 and 2003 on a tropical peat swamp forest in northern Borneo, with the combined use of high and very high-resolution satellite images. Object-based and pixel-based classifications were compared to classify a QuickBird image. Burned patches of different fire frequencies were derived based on unsupervised classification of the principal components of multitemporal Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data. The results show that the object-based classification was more accurate than the pixel-based classification for generating a detailed land cover map. Fire frequency had a severe impact on the number of burned patches and the residual forest cover. Larger patch area retained more residual forest cover for the burned patches. Forest structure of burned-twice patches was more severely altered compared to burned-once patches. Two burned-once patches had a relatively promising recovery potential by natural regeneration due to higher residual forest cover, a vast number of large trees, and aboveground biomass. Except for the largest patch, rehabilitation seemed inevitable for burned-twice patches. This approach can be applied to assess the impact of multiple fires on other forest types for better post-fire forest management.

Seasonal Changes of Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Three Fish Species from the Tanoe-Ehy Swamp Forest (Côte d’Ivoire)

Aims: The Tanoe-Ehy swamp forest (TESF) is a freshwater swampy area characterized by seasonal variation of environmental parameters and fish diversity. So, the aim of this study was to analyze seasonal variations of growth parameters and condition factors of the three abundant species. Methodology: Specimens were collected by using gill nets and fyke nets, measured and weighed. Length-weight relationship (LWR), Fulton’s condition (KF) and relative condition (KR) factors were analyzed from Standard Length (SL) and body weight (BW). Results: The Standard Length of Clarias buettikoferi, Thysochromis ansorgii and Parachana obscura varied between 9.50 and 29.30 cm, 4.60 and 11.50 cm, 10.70 and 29.30 cm, respectively. The growth type of population was allometric negative for C. buettikoferi and P. obscura and isometric for T. ansorgii. In terms of seasonal variation, C. buettikoferi females and P. obscura specimens exhibited isometric growth in dry seasons (DS) against a negative allometric growth in flooded seasons (FS). In contrast, female and combined sex specimens of T. ansorgii showed positive allometric growth in DS and isometric growth type in FS. KR varied between 0.76 and 2.02 and was significantly higher in FS than in DS, indicating a state of well-being during flooded seasons in the 3 species. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between length with weight and both condition factor for the three species. This study provided the first data about fish body measurements in the TESF and concluded that LWRs and condition factors of the three fish species were strongly influenced by seasonal variations in hydrological conditions.