Examining correlates of feeding practices among parents of preschoolers

Background: Parent feeding practices play a critical role in children’s eating behaviors. Limited research has explored child-level correlates of parent feeding practices. Aim: To identify correlates of feeding practices (responsive and controlling) among parents of preschoolers US. Methods: Participants included parents (n = 273) of preschoolers (3–5 years), recruited from Early Care and Education settings (n = 24) located in a metropolitan city in the US. Analysis included descriptives, correlations, and multiple regression. Results: For responsive feeding practices, positive associations included child's weight with unintentional modeling ( β = .17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.53]), child vegetable consumption with behavioral role modeling ( β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44]), and parent monitoring with verbal modeling ( β = 0.21, 95% CI [0.12, 0.34]). For controlling feeding practices, parent restriction was positively associated with child weight concern ( β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.13, 0.39]) and parent monitoring ( β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.19]), whereas child vegetable consumption was negatively associated ( β = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.27, −0.05]). Pressure to eat was negatively associated with child weight concern ( β = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.45, −0.09]), child fruit consumption ( β = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.37, −0.01]), household income ( β = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.30, −0.02]), and parent weight ( β = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.60, −0.05]), Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of child characteristics when examining correlates of parent feeding practices, demonstrating bidirectional interactions between parent feeding practices and children’s eating behaviors. Considering child-level correlates may improve the implementation of responsive feeding practices and reduce controlling feeding practices.

Gambaran Pengasuhan Orang Tua terhadap Anak SMA Negeri 1 Sutera di Kampung Sungai Sirah Kenagarian Surantih Kecamatan Sutera Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

The background of this research is the motivated by good learning achievement of children, the researchers suspect this is caused by good parenting. The purpose of this study is to reveal the picture of parenting parenting in terms of (1) monitoring, (2) closeness, and (3) support, towardSMA N 1 Sutera in Kampung Sungai Sirah Kenagarian Surantih Kecamatan Sutera Pesisir Selatan Regency. The type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population is 35 people with 20 samples. Sampling technique stratified random sampling. Techniques of data collection are questionnaires and techniques of data analysis using the percentage calculations. Based on the result of the research, it is found that (1) the picture of parent monitoring on the behavior of SMA N 1 Sutera Children in Kampung Sungai Sirah is said to be good, (2) the image of parents closeness to SMA N 1 Sutera Children in Kampung Sungai Sirah is said to be good, (3) the support of parents to SMA N 1 Sutera in Kampung Sungai Sirah is said to be good. Suggestion for parenting of SMA N 1 Sutera Children in Kampung Sungai Sirah is further improved.

Genetics of addictive behavior: the example of nicotine dependence

The majority of addictive disorders have a significant heritability—roughly around 50%. Surprisingly, the most convincing association (a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster in nicotine dependence), with a unique attributable risk of 14%, was detected through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on lung cancer, although lung cancer has a low heritability. We propose some explanations of this finding, potentially helping to understand how a GWAS strategy can be successful. Many endophenotypes were also assessed as potentially modulating the effect of nicotine, indirectly facilitating the development of nicotine dependence. Challenging the involved phenotype led to the demonstration that other potentially overlapping disorders, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson disease, could also be involved, and further modulated by parent monitoring or the existence of a smoking partner. Such a complex mechanism of action is compatible with a gene-environment interaction, most clearly explained by epigenetic factors, especially as such factors were shown to be, at least partly, genetically driven.

Parent Educational Involvement in Middle School: Longitudinal Influences on Student Outcomes

The present study examined influences of sixth-grade student-reported parent educational involvement on early adolescent peer group affiliations at seventh and eighth grade. In addition, student gender and ethnicity were explored as possible moderators. Drawn from a large effectiveness trial, participants in this study were 5,802 early adolescents across 20 middle schools in the northwest region of the United States. Findings suggested that specifically parent’s educational involvement in sixth grade predicted increases in positive peer affiliation, when controlling for a general score of parent monitoring practices. The relation between parent educational involvement and peer affiliation varied by student ethnicity but not by gender. Findings suggest the social benefits of parent’s engagement with the school context on early adolescent development.