THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG BEHAVIOR OF HANDLING NONCOROSIVE AGENT FOOD POINTING IN SINDANG BARANG BOGOR

Food includes for the most important and very essential basic needs in human life. Called food poisoning if someone experiences health problems after consuming food which contaminated with bacteria or poison which produced by bacteria diseases. These microorganisms can enter to our bodies through the food with people mediators who process food or indeed come from the food itself by poor processing result. Non-corrosive food poisoning is a food material that is not derived from chemicals containing corrosive substances. The purpose of the research was to determine the connection between the knowledge level of the society with the behavior of handling non corrosive food poisoning agent in Sindang Barang Bogor. The type of the research used is quantitative analysis with the research design using descriptive analytical method through cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 140 citizens in Sindang Bogor. The amount of sampling used in the assessment was using the Slovin formula. So the sample in this research was 60 respondents. The results showed that from the total of 60 respondents, 24 people (40.0%) had a good level of knowledge. The Non-Corrosive Food Poisoning Behavior results stated that of 60 respondents, 34 people (56.7%) had negative Non-corrosive food poisoning behavior. There is a significant connection between the knowledge level of the society with the behavior of handling non corrosive agent food poisoning in Sindang Barang Bogor with value p= 0,002(p value > α). It was expected that the society in Sindang Barang Bogor can handle food poisoning Non- corrosive agent from factors so that the incidence of Non-corrosive food poisoning can be overcome.

Porous carbons from sustainable sources and mild activation for targeted high-performance CO2 capture and storage

Activation of biomass or biomass containing precursors with potassium oxalate, a milder and less corrosive agent compared to hydroxide activation, offers a more sustainable route to activated carbons for targeted high-performance CO2 capture.

Universal Shapes? Analysis of the Shape of Antarctic Tafoni

Using dimensional data from over 700 tafoni in Antarctica, this paper identifies how the dimensionless ratios of width/length (W/L) and depth/length (D/L) vary with tafoni length. The analysis suggests that these ratios do tend to converge to values that are similar to those found for fragments produced by brittle fracture and fragmentation. Dividing the data into quintiles and deciles, it is possible to assess how tafoni size and shape change as tafoni length increases. Smaller tafoni do tend to have a rounder plan form which rapidly changes as tafoni length increases towards the W/L ratio of 0.67. It is suggested that initial tafoni development is limited by the conditions set out in a recent mathematical model of tafoni development. This model focuses on tafoni development through the interactions of variable rock strength and the varying concentration gradient of a corrosive agent. Erosion involves the removal of relatively small sections of rock and is analogous to a continuous erosional process. This model produces tafoni of relatively circular plan form. Above a certain tafoni length it is suggested that processes associated with brittle fracture begin to dominant the development and shape of tafoni.

LUGOL’S IODINE CHROMOENDOSCOPY VERSUS NARROW BAND IMAGE ENHANCED ENDOSCOPY FOR THE DETECTION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH STENOSIS SECONDARY TO CAUSTIC/CORROSIVE AGENT INGESTION

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The diagnosis of corrosion cancer should be suspected in patients with corrosive ingestion if after a latent period of negligible symptoms there is development of dysphagia, or poor response to dilatation, or if respiratory symptoms develop in an otherwise stable patient of esophageal stenosis. Narrow Band Imaging detects superficial squamous cell carcinoma more frequently than white-light imaging, and has significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy compared with white-light. OBJECTIVE To determinate the clinical applicability of Narrow Band Imaging versus Lugol´s solution chromendoscopy for detection of early esophageal cancer in patients with caustic/corrosive agent stenosis. METHODS Thirty-eight patients, aged between 28-84 were enrolled and examined by both Narrow Band Imaging and Lugol´s solution chromendoscopy. A 4.9mm diameter endoscope was used facilitating examination of a stenotic area without dilation. Narrow Band Imaging was performed and any lesion detected was marked for later biopsy. Then, Lugol´s solution chromoendoscopy was performed and biopsies were taken at suspicious areas. Patients who had abnormal findings at the routine, Narrow Band Imaging or Lugol´s solution chromoscopy exam had their stenotic ring biopsied. RESULTS We detected nine suspicious lesions with Narrow Band Imaging and 14 with Lugol´s solution chromendoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of the Narrow Band Imaging was 100% and 80.6%, and with Lugol´s chromoscopy 100% and 66.67%, respectively. Five (13%) suspicious lesions were detected both with Narrow Band Imaging and Lugol’s chromoscopy, two (40%) of these lesions were confirmed carcinoma on histopathological examination. CONCLUSION Narrow Band Imaging is an applicable option to detect and evaluate cancer in patients with caustic /corrosive stenosis compared to the Lugol´s solution chromoscopy.

Protective Coatings on Carbon Steel

The experimental research aim was to analyze the corrosion resistance of superficial layers obtained by electrical sparking on the steel carbon samples. The electrodes used in these processes being made from corrosive resistance materials (coper and nickel). Processing by electric sparking occurs through electrode material erosion (anode) with a transfer by erosion products on the superficial workpiece. Processing of the treated surface begins with approximation of electrode by sample and at critical interval, it triggers electrical discharge through impulses. It is often continuous and ends at the electrodes contact. At the contact surface of the electrodes appear areas strongly heated causing electrical erosion of the electrodes (sample and electrode). The predominant transfer of anode material (electrode) to the cathode (the sample) ensures the formation superficial layer. After it the discharge was complete, at very small time interval, start removal of the Anode by cathode, action which ends with the interruption of electric circuit due to the transfer of material and the thermal changes from discharge area, in the superficial processing of metallic materials with electric sparks, the superficial layer of cathode it changes its structure and chemical composition. The samples being immersed 285 days in static sea water at the environments temperature. Corrosion resistance in seawater of superficial layers obtained with copper and nickel electrodes was determined by gravimetrical method. The samples covered with thin layers immersed in the corrosive agent (sea water) were analyzed through optical microscopy using QX3 Intel Play microscope and through atomic force microscopy. Experimental results were compared for both the surface of the initial sample material (OL 37) and the surface of the samples covered with Cu and Ni layers. One of the conclusions is: the superficial layer obtained by electrical sparking using cooper and nickel electrodes proves a improved corrosion resistance to see water compared to the base steel, specially for long term tries, when the corrosion speed is stabilizing remaining almost constant. The second main conclusion is: the investigations through atomic force microscopy made on the samples tested for long term corrosion, accentuate the compact and homogenous surfaces areas, which had not permitted the corrosive agent to interact with the base material.also, the wave-mode images present the discontinuities of the superficial laid layers, which represent a possible access way in for the corrosive agent to the samples material.