Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Ochratoxin A in Lebanese Students and Its Urinary Biomarker Analysis

The present study investigated the dietary and urinary OTA occurrence among 44 Lebanese children. Relying on HPLC-FLD analysis, OTA was found in all the urine samples and in 46.5% and 25% of the 24 h duplicate diet and dinner samples, respectively. The means of OTA levels in positive samples were 0.32 ± 0.1 ng/g in 24 h diet, 0.32 ± 0.18 ng/g in dinner and 0.022 ± 0.012 ng/mL in urines. These values corresponded to margin of exposure (MOE) means of 7907 ± 5922 (neoplastic) and 2579 ± 1932 (non-neoplastic) calculated from positive 24 h diet, while 961 ± 599 (neoplastic) and 313 ± 195 (non-neoplastic) calculated from the urine. Since the MOE levels for the neoplastic effect were below the limit (10,000), a major health threat was detected and must be addressed as a health institutions’ priority. Besides, the wide difference between PDIs and MOEs calculated from food and urine suggests conducting further OTA’s toxicokinetics studies before using urine to measure OTA exposure.

Light dependent courtship behavior in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

Differences in courtship signals and perception are well-known among Drosophila species. One such described difference is the dependency on light, and thus presumably vision, for copulation success. Many studies have described a difference in light-dependent copulation success between D. melanogaster and D. simulans, identifying D. simulans as a light-dependent species, and D. melanogaster as a light-independent one. However, many of these studies use assays of varying design and few strains to represent the entire species. Here, we attempt to better characterize this purported difference using 11 strains of each species, paired by collection location, in behavioral assays conducted at two different exposure times. We show that, while there is a species-wide difference in magnitude of light-dependent copulation success, D. melanogaster copulation success is, on average, still impaired in the dark at both exposure times we measured. Additionally, there is significant variation in strain-specific ability to copulate in the dark in both species across two different exposure times. We find that this variation correlates strongly with longitude in D. melanogaster, but not in D. simulans. We hypothesize that differences in species history and demography may explain behavioral variation. Finally, we use courtship assays to show that light-dependent copulation success in one D. simulans strain is driven in part by both males and females. We discuss potential differences in courtship signals and/or signal importance between these species and potential for further comparative studies for functional characterization.

MA’ANI AL-HURUF DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP IJTIHAD

In the development of Islamic law were encountered wide difference of opinion of the scholars as the fruit of the seriousness in exploring settlement of legal matters from the sourceQur'an and the Sunnah. The difference there is that is born of the understanding of the passage oflaw, the arguments of the disputed law, the validity proposition of law, there is even born rules ofthe Arabic language. Among the differences born of the rules of the Arabic language is thedifference in meaning of the letter. The letters in Arabic are the third component of the kalimatafter the word isim and fi’il. The letter is any wor that has no meaning, but if it is shared in otherwords. Huruf (letter) also divides into two, namely: mabani and Ma'ani. In Ma'ani letter, the letterdistributed to two, namely ‘amil and 'athil. Ma'ani letter of understanding to be born diversemeanings to a letter that implicates to disagreements over the meanings of verses and hadith bothon the Aqeedah and Fiqh.

دافعية استخدام التعلم التعاوني لتنمية تعليم مهارة الكلام

Language is basically speech, but writing is an attempt to represent speech. It is proven that man knows speech before writing long time ago. Writing emerged in a later period of human history. The child learns to speak before he can learn to write, which he begins to learn when he enters school. All good people speak their mother tongues fluently and there are many people do not know how to write in their own languages. There are some languages still spoken in unwritten way. Cooperative learning is not where students who work together to achieve their goals unless they cooperate with each other. The mere distribution of students to groups and informing them to work together does not fall under the name of cooperative learning, even if these are the most important features and main features, there is a wide difference between the distribution of students on groups to work, and the consolidation of the concept of cooperation and rooted in the minds of students with special needs.

Lecture 5

Among the strange differences between our ancestors and their descendants of latter days is the wide difference between the feelings and language of commentators on great classical works. At the restoration of letters, when men discovered the manuscripts of the great Ancients, as some long hidden treasure, the editors of even the most trivial work were exuberant in phrases of panegyric, and superlatives of praise seemed to be almost their only terms. In the editing of modern writers, on the contrary, we find the commentator everywhere assuming a sort of critical superiority over the author he edits. Which of the two is to be blamed? I must confess that the former (even admitting him more deficient in judgment, which I am by no means prepared to allow) is more congenial with the ...

A Study of Death Anxiety among Pre and Post Operated Cancer Patients

The present research work aimed at finding out the difference between pre and post cancer patients on Death anxiety. For this purpose a total sample of 200 cancer patients. Among them 100 pre and 100 post operated cancer patients. Data was collected by using Death anxiety scale developed by Templer’s [1970]. Results were analyzed by using F- ANOVA and t. Results revealed that there is no significant difference between pre and post operated cancer patient on death anxiety. There is wide difference between mean of male and female on their death anxiety.

A Clustering Algorithm Based on Gravitation

For the clustering problem of wide difference that cannot be solved by K-means, an improvement clustering algorithm (CBG, clustering based on gravitation) is proposed in this paper. The clustering algorithm simulates the law of universal gravitation, which is that stars with heavy mass tend to show a stronger attraction to floating objects than those with less mass. Some experiments have done in this paper for this problem, and the results show that this algorithm can obtain better clustering result for this case.