Influence of fungicide and fertilizer amendments on mycorrhizal association in Quiona (Chenopodium quinoa. Willd.)

Effect of soil factor like alkaline cultivated versus saline non-cultivated soil, fertilization with organic (PYM) and inorganic (DAP) manure and addition of fungicides (Bavistin + Thiram, Difolatan and Thiram) on indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi was examined in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). DAP in combination with Bavistin + Thiram enhanced the spore population ad decreased mycorrhizal formation. FYM in combination with Difolatan enhanced both. Adverse effects of fungicides were nullified by fertilizers. Activity of Glomus was enhanced in the presence of DAP and Gigaspora was favoured by FYM.

The soil factor of geodiversity – perspectives on erodibility classification in the Soutpansberg, South Africa

<p>Soil diversity is one of the factors considered in geodiversity assessment. Its classification is usually based on expert knowledge of soils. One way of expert classification is through soil erodibility. High erodibility is allocated a high diversity class. Notwithstanding the debate on erodibility computation, soil classification for geodiversity based on erodibility is not a straightforward matter. Empirical evidence from the Soutpansberg range in South Africa reveals that high erodibility does not directly translate to a higher geodiversity. Though other factors may also play a role, river networks and slope angles are directly influenced by soil erodibility. Rivers follow easily erodible terrain while highly erodible soils create plains. Soils with high clay content tend to promote surface runoff. The cementing effect of clay promote strong substrates that can support a bigger angle of repose. Slopes and river channels in the Soutpansberg do not readily conform with this general anticipation. Rivers do not always coincide with high soil erodibility. Steep slopes do not always coincide with low soil erodibility. Neither do they always coincide with low soil erodibility. This leads to the conclusion that the contribution of erodibility to landform development and diversity is contextual rather than generic. Other factors such as aggradation and degradation may have to be considered in soil factor classification.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: soil erosion; geodiversity; erodibility; hydrology; slope.</p>

Soil Organic Matter Impacts on Sugarcane Production on Florida Mineral Soils

Sugarcane growth on mineral soils in Florida can often be highly variable as related to the nature of the soils. The soil factor that best relates to sugarcane growth is soil organic matter content. Very stunted sugarcane is also associated with high nematode populations, which indicate high risk of crop damage. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department discusses grower options for evaluating and increasing soil organic matter. Written by J. Mabry McCray and Stewart Swanson.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag441

FATOR SOLO EM NÚCLEOS DE DESERTIFICAÇÃO NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

O uso não sustentável do solo resulta em diferentes processos de degradação ambiental, dentre os quais o de desertificação tem destaque, por refletir sobre o clima, a vegetação e a sociedade. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discriminar o fator solo no processo de desertificação no Estado do Ceará. Foram analisados os municípios de Irauçuba, Jaguaretama e Tauá, localizados em diferentes núcleos de desertificação. A metodologia partiu de referencial teórico e tratamento de dados em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Foi possível distinguir cinco tipos de solos que ocorrem nas três áreas, os Planossolos, Luvissolos, Neossolos Litólicos eutróficos, Neossolos Flúvico eutrófico e Solos Podz.Palavras-chave: Desertificação. Solo. Degradação Ambiental. ABSTRACTThe non sustaineble soil use results in different environment degradation processes. Among then, desertification is in evidence because it reflects on the weather, the vegetation and social aspects. Thus the presente article aims to isolate the soil factor in the desertification in the Ceara State. We adopted three cities located in different desertification áreas: Irauçuba, Jaguaretama and Tauá. The methodology used started from the bibliographical review and date treatment in a Geographical Information System. After analysis, we found five soil types occurring in the three areas: Planosol, Luvisol, Lithic Leptosol Eutrophic, Fluvisol Eutrophic and Podz.Keywords: Desertification. Soil. Environment Degradation. RESUMENEl uso insostenible del suelo provoca diferentes procesos de degradación ambiental, entre los cuales se destaca la desertificación, una vez que actúa en el clima, la vegetación y la sociedad. En este contexto, este artículo tiene como objetivo discriminar el factor suelo en el proceso de desertificación en el estado de Ceará. Se analizaron los municipios de Irauçuba, Jaguaretama y Tauá, ubicados en diferentes núcleos de desertificación. La metodología se basó en la referencia teórica y el tratamiento de datos en los programas del Sistema de Información Geográfica. Fue posible distinguir cinco tipos de suelos que ocurren en las tres áreas, los Planosoles, Luvisoles, Neosoles Líticos Eutróficos, Neosoles Fluvéticos Eutróficos y Suelos Podz.Palabras-clave: Desertificación. Suelo. Degradación ambiental.