Does Technological Innovation Advance Environmental Sustainability in ASEAN Countries?

Environment degradation is a very important issue in developing nations and a lot of research had done to examine the factors of environmental degradation but these studies were missed some important factors which are covered by this study. By examining the effect of economic growth and energy in the presence of renewable energy consumption and technology innovation on environment degradation for ASEAN nations. Panel ARDL (which is PMG and MG) is used to estimate the model, and the advantage of this model is it gives both the long and short-run estimates of the model which helps to understand the situation in both short as well as long run. The results confirm that economic growth, Population, trade, and renewable energy increase the carbon emission level in ASEAN nations. While technology innovation decreased carbon emission levels which means technology innovation helps to keep the environment healthy and clean. Hence, economic growth helps the nations to improve their energy mode from non-renewable to renewable energy, which meets the energy demand by keeping the environment clean.

The Effect of Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, and Energy Use on Environment Degradation: Evidenced from ASEAN Nations

Literature evidenced that environmental degradation creates hurdles in economic development. So, this study highlights the leading macroeconomic indicators which affect the environment and investigates the nexus among FDI, energy utilization, economic development, and environmental pollution for ASEAN nations from 1990 to 2018. Panel Autor Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL) methodology is used to examine the impact of economic growth, foreign direct investment and energy use on environment degradation. Different panel unit roots (Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat, Levin, Lin & Chu, ADF - Fisher Chi-square, PP - Fisher Chi-square) tests are applied to confirm the intergradation order, and results confirm that there exits I (0) and I(1) order of intergradation. There exists a unidirectional relationship between energy consumption and carbon emission of CO2 and CO2 to foreign direct investment in the long run. While in the short run, there does not exist any relationship. The results confirm the existence EKC hypothesis, which confirms there exits negative and positive effects of GDP and square of GDP on carbon emission. Hence this study concludes that its essential to develop some strategies and policies to guarantee economic stability. Additionally, reliable and sustainable power resources should be used for positive environmental changes. The carbon dioxide emission should be reduced for the GDP growth by utilizing different eco-technologies and renewable energy resources, which can nullify the effect of emission of CO2 to maintain the greenhouse environment.

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The changing dynamics of agricultural lands throughout 2005-2020 has been investigated. Transformation of agricultural lands is related to various unresolved legislative issues. According to the research results the efficient use of agricultural lands is interfered with the current legislative environment, degradation factor, huge amount of unused soils registered in the agricultural land assets and soil fragmentation. To eliminate the mentioned factors and to reduce their effect, it is necessary to make legislative changes and to implement land management activities.

Renewable Energy Consumption, Water Crises, and Environmental Degradation with Moderating Role of Governance: Dynamic Panel Analysis under Cross-Sectional Dependence

This study aims to investigate the relationship between renewable energy consumption, water availability, and environmental degradation with the moderating effect of governance in the South Asian region. This study collected data for renewable energy, water availability, governance, and environmental degradation for the period of 1988 to 2018 from the World Development Indicator. In panel data estimation, if cross-sectional dependence exists, it produces biased estimates. Therefore, this study applied a newly developed technique, dynamic common correlated effect, which produces efficient estimates in the presence of cross-sectional dependence. This study found that foreign direct investment positively and significantly increases environment degradation (β = 0.69 *, * indicates the significance level at less than 1%) while renewable energy and water availability cause to reduce environment degradation (β = −0.08 **, β = −0.09 **, **indicates the significance level at less than 5%). Moreover, the study also found that governance significantly strengthens the relationship of renewable energy and water availability with environment degradation (β = 0.37 **, β = 0.24 **) while governance significantly weakens the relationship of foreign direct investment and environmental degradation (β = −0.34 *). The study suggests that South Asian countries should improve political institutions, and promote renewable energy, water availability, and clean production to improve the environment quality.

Adapt or Perish: Evolutionary Rescue in a Gradually Deteriorating Environment

We investigate the evolutionary rescue of a microbial population in a gradually deteriorating environment, through a combination of analytical calculations and stochastic simulations. We consider a population destined for extinction in the absence of mutants, which can survive only if mutants sufficiently adapted to the new environment arise and fix. We show that mutants that appear later during the environment deterioration have a higher probability to fix. The rescue probability of the population increases with a sigmoidal shape when the product of the carrying capacity and of the mutation probability increases. Furthermore, we find that rescue becomes more likely for smaller population sizes and/or mutation probabilities if the environment degradation is slower, which illustrates the key impact of the rapidity of environment degradation on the fate of a population. We also show that our main conclusions are robust across various types of adaptive mutants, including specialist and generalist ones, as well as mutants modeling antimicrobial resistance evolution. We further express the average time of appearance of the mutants that do rescue the population and the average extinction time of those that do not. Our methods can be applied to other situations with continuously variable fitnesses and population sizes, and our analytical predictions are valid in the weak-to-moderate mutation regime.

Keanekaragaman Spesies Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) pada Habitat Eko-wisata Taman Bunga Merangin Garden Bangko Jambi

<p><em>Butterflies play an important role in the balance of ecosystems and function as a bioindicator for clean/healthy environment. Degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats threat the population of butterflies. Habitat conservation through eco-tourism is an way to keep the existance butterfly species. This study aims to identify the butterflies species, analyze species diversity, and abundance of butterflies (Lepidoptera) in the eco-tourism habitat of Merangin Garden Bangkang Jambi flower garden. Sampling was carried out five times at December 2018 to March 2019 using insect net. A total of 3 families from 16 species found. The species that dominated was Junonia orithya with 88 individuals (16.4%). The biodiversity value of butterflies species was 2.68. Diversity index is the lowest level of diversity. The types of flowers that bloom affect the high or low diversity index values. The most of butterflies found at 7.30 - 9.30 AM.</em></p>

Adapt or perish: Evolutionary rescue in a gradually deteriorating environment

We investigate the evolutionary rescue of a microbial population in a gradually deteriorating environment, through a combination of analytical calculations and stochastic simulations. We consider a population destined for extinction in the absence of mutants, which can only survive if mutants sufficiently adapted to the new environment arise and fix. We show that mutants that appear later during the environment deterioration have a higher probability to fix. The rescue probability of the population increases with a sigmoidal shape when the product of the carrying capacity and of the mutation probability increases. Furthermore, we find that rescue becomes more likely for smaller population sizes and/or mutation probabilities if the environment degradation is slower, which illustrates the key impact of the rapidity of environment degradation on the fate of a population. We also show that our main conclusions are robust across various types of adaptive mutants, including specialist and generalist ones, as well as mutants modeling antimicrobial resistance evolution. We further express the average time of appearance of the mutants that do rescue the population and the average extinction time of those that do not. Our methods can be applied to other situations with continuously variable fitnesses and population sizes, and our analytical predictions are valid in the weak-to-moderate mutation regime.