Cancer Detection based on Microarray Data Classification Using FLNN and Hybrid Feature Selection

Cancer is one of the second deadliest diseases in the world after heart disease. Citing from the WHO's report on cancer, in 2018 there were around 18.1 million cases of cancer in the world with a total of 9.6 million deaths. Now that bioinformatics technology is growing and based on WHO’s report on cancer, an early detection is needed where bioinformatics technology can be used to diagnose cancer and to help to reduce the number of deaths from cancer by immediately treating the person. Microarray DNA data as one of the bioinformatics technology is becoming popular for use in the analysis and diagnosis of cancer in the medical world. Microarray DNA data has a very large number of genes, so a dimensional reduction method is needed to reduce the use of features for the classification process by selecting the most influential features. After the most influential features are selected, these features are going to be used for the classification and predict whether a person has cancer or not. In this research, hybridization is carried out by combining Information Gain as a filtering method and Genetic Algorithm as a wrapping method to reduce dimensions, and lastly FLNN as a classification method. The test results get colon cancer data to get the highest accuracy value of 90.26%, breast cancer by 85.63%, lung cancer and ovarian cancer by 100%, and prostate cancer by 94.10%.

Machine Learning Based Computational Gene Selection Models: A Survey, Performance Evaluation, Open Issues, and Future Research Directions

Gene Expression is the process of determining the physical characteristics of living beings by generating the necessary proteins. Gene Expression takes place in two steps, translation and transcription. It is the flow of information from DNA to RNA with enzymes’ help, and the end product is proteins and other biochemical molecules. Many technologies can capture Gene Expression from the DNA or RNA. One such technique is Microarray DNA. Other than being expensive, the main issue with Microarray DNA is that it generates high-dimensional data with minimal sample size. The issue in handling such a heavyweight dataset is that the learning model will be over-fitted. This problem should be addressed by reducing the dimension of the data source to a considerable amount. In recent years, Machine Learning has gained popularity in the field of genomic studies. In the literature, many Machine Learning-based Gene Selection approaches have been discussed, which were proposed to improve dimensionality reduction precision. This paper does an extensive review of the various works done on Machine Learning-based gene selection in recent years, along with its performance analysis. The study categorizes various feature selection algorithms under Supervised, Unsupervised, and Semi-supervised learning. The works done in recent years to reduce the features for diagnosing tumors are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the performance of several discussed methods in the literature is analyzed. This study also lists out and briefly discusses the open issues in handling the high-dimension and less sample size data.