Remarks of Eimeria labbeana infection in Egyptian pigeons

This work was conducted to investigate the course of Eimeria labbeana infection in Egyptian pigeons (Columbia Livia). Thirty squabs were experimentally infected orally with 2.5 x104 sporulated Eimeria labbeana oocysts. Daily scarification of three squabs was done from day one post-infection (PI) until day 8 PI for following of the endogenous stages in tissue samples and 6 squabs were kept to follow the patent period and daily oocyst shedding. Paraffin-embedded intestinal samples were sectioned and stained for differentiation of parasitic stages. The infected squabs showed greenish watery diarrhea, weakness, rough feathers, and decrease food intake at day 5 PI. The pre-patent and patent periods were 6 and 14 days PI respectively. The oocyst shedding started at day 6 PI and reached the peak at day 8 PI. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of three schizont stages, macro-and micro-gametes, and oocysts in the duodenal and jejunal parts of the small intestine. In conclusion, it is the first study on Egypt on Eimeria labbeana in Egyptian pigeons and its biology is like recorded before.

Food Type and Lentil Variety Affect Satiety Responses but Not Food Intake in Healthy Adults When Lentils Are Substituted for Commonly Consumed Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT Background Lentils have potential to increase satiety and may contribute to a body weight management strategy; however, the effects on satiety of replacing common food ingredients with lentils within food products remain largely unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with 2 lentil varieties within muffins and chilies on satiety, test-meal food intake, and 24-h energy intake. Methods Healthy adults consumed muffins or chilies in which wheat or rice was substituted with green (61.8 g) or red (54 g) lentils in 2 randomized crossover studies (muffin study: n = 24, mean ± SE age: 25.4 ± 0.9 y, BMI (in kg/m2): 23.2 ± 0.5; chili study: n = 24, age: 25.7 ± 1.0 y, BMI: 23.2 ± 0.5), with ≥1-wk washout periods between study visits and studies. Subjective appetite sensations measured over 180 min were summarized with total area under the curve (AUC), food intake was measured at an ad libitum test meal, and 24-h energy intake was measured using weighed food records. Treatment effects were compared within each study using repeated-measures ANCOVA (subjective appetite sensations) and ANOVA (food intake, 24-h energy intake). Results Green, but not red, lentil chili significantly increased fullness AUC (17.5%, P = 0.02) and decreased desire to eat AUC (20.1%, P = 0.02) and prospective food consumption AUC (16.7%, P = 0.04) compared with rice chili, with no significant differences between chili treatments for test-meal food intake or 24-h energy intake. Muffin treatments did not significantly differ for any outcomes. Conclusions Replacing rice with green, but not red lentils within chili increases satiety but does not decrease food intake, whereas replacing wheat with lentils within muffins does not increase satiety or decrease food intake in healthy adults. Further study of the role of lentil replacement in food products in body weight management is warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03128684.

Genistein and daidzein decrease food intake and body weight gain in mice, and alter LXR signaling in vivo and in vitro

Genistein and daidzein decrease mice food intake, ameliorate symptoms of metabolic syndrome, including decreasing body weight gain, and improving glucose metabolism, and appear to produce differential effects, possibly via the regulation of LXR-mediated pathways.