Folk arts and crafts of the Oirats of Mongolia: to the formulation of the problem of study

Народное декоративно-прикладное творчество ойратов Монголии выражает этническую ментальность в системе культуры как своеобразную, во многом уникальную форму осмысления мира. Оно формирует традиционное мироощущение номадов, претворяемое в декоративном оформлении произведений прикладного творчества. Здесь фиксируются общее и этнические особенности народной эстетики, образного мировидения монгольских народов. В анализе орнаментального декора предметной среды важно исходить из знаковой сути культурного наследия номадов, концентрируемого в тамговом комплексе, народном костюме и орнаментике. В художественной форме пластического фольклора, передаваемого из поколения в поколение, сохраняются древние архетипы мышления предков, проецируемые во взаимосвязях духовного и материального бытия номадов. Выявление их дает возможность осмыслить декоративно-прикладное искусство ойратов Монголии в традициях, основополагающих для изучения пластического фольклора калмыков России. Folk arts and crafts of the Oirats of Mongolia expresses the ethnic mentality of culture as a kind, in many ways a unique form of understanding the world. It forms the traditional attitude of the nomads, embodied in the decorative design of works of applied art. Here the general and ethnic features of the folk aesthetics, the figurative worldview of the Mongolian peoples are recorded. In the analysis of the ornamental decor of the subject environment, it is important to proceed from the symbolic essence of the cultural heritage of the nomads, concentrated in the tamga complex, folk costume and ornamentation. In the artistic form of plastic folklore, passed down from generation to generation, the ancient archetypes of the ancestors' thinking are preserved, projected in the interconnections of the spiritual and material life of the nomads. Their identification makes it possible to comprehend the decorative and applied art of the Oirats of Mongolia in the traditions that are fundamental for the study of the plastic folklore of the Kalmyks of Russia.

Sociocultural peculiarities of gender aspect in Russian education and science

Urgency of the problem is conditioned by the fact that under the effect of globalization processes, digital revolution, and transformation of values the present-day society is changing its attitude towards gender division of labor. Gender problem in traditional communities where, on the one hand, new views on the roles of men and women are being formed, and, on the other hand, traditional attitude towards those roles, is being preserved, is of special interest. The objective of the research is to analyze present-day society for revealing the gender asymmetry in different spheres of science and education in Russia. The Russian society that tends to traditional attitude but is unavoidably a part of innovation society, becomes an interesting object for studying the gender aspect in different professional spheres of education and science. A sociocultural approach forms the methodological base of the research that allows us to analyze the current stage of development of the educational and scientific spheres taking into account social and cultural peculiarities of the society, as well as its gender perspective. The study is based on the works that reveal gender issues in modern society in the sphere of education and science, psychology, culture and philosophy. It also presents the analysis of present-day scientific and educational spheres and gender asymmetry occurred under the effect of some or other social or cultural peculiarities.

Objectivation of the Concept “Woman” in Russian Paremiology

The article describes the features of the objectification of the concept of “woman” on the material of Russian proverbs and sayings, reflecting the traditional attitude of Russian culture towards a woman, comprehension of her role in the family and society. The words-verbalizers of this concept in the modern Russian language are highlighted, their semantic and etymological analysis is carried out on the material of various dictionaries. As the analysis showed, the concept of “woman” in Russian paremiology is objectified with the help of numerous proverbs and sayings that reflect different aspects of this concept. 10 microconcepts have been identified that represent a complex and multidimensional image of a woman in Russian linguistic culture: “a woman is a mother”; “Mother — Motherland”; “Woman — intellect”; “Woman — talkativeness, deceit, cunning, unpredictability”; “Woman — resolution, endurance”; “Woman — wife”; “The maiden (girl) — the bride”; “daughter”; “sister”; “Grandmother is the keeper of traditions”; “stepmother”.

THE EDUCATION OF PATRIOTISM AND TRADITIONS FOLK CULTURE

This article outlines the cultural and educational role of the library and patriotic education of the younger generation through the formation of spiritually-moral principles and environmental awareness. Describes the traditional attitude of the Altaians to nature, family, ethical and moral rules of life. In detail the results of the library. The material is arranged in sections: Teaching activities; Library museums; Library names; Patriotism and love through ecological education. The section «Patriotism and love through ecological education» includes an overview of the most important events held in 2017 - the Year of ecology.

On sociological criteria of religiousness: How many (Orthodox) believers are there today?

In this text the author first tries to provide an answer on the number of religious people today in two post-communist and Orthodox countries, and then on the number of Orthodox believers in them. Therefore he analyzes numerous data from empirical evidence using a large number of indicators discussed in the text. The author first analyzes them as indicators of representative dimension of religiousness, then as indicators of beliefs in dogmatic core of Christianity, indicators of current church ritual practice and finally, as indicators of a traditional attitude towards religion and church. With these analyses the author tries to find the criterion or criteria which best express the religiousness of people in a particular area. The analysis identifies three approaches in Russian sociological and religious literature. The first one is defined as a classic, positivistic approach, the second one as post-classic or phenomenological, and the third one as synthetic. Then the author discusses the term attachment to religion and church and its indicators, as well as the indices which are sociologically more suitable for the research of the religious and church complex. In the end the author gives a few methodological instructions for a sociological and empirical research of religiousness.