scholarly journals On sociological criteria of religiousness: How many (Orthodox) believers are there today?

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Blagojevic
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Traditional Attitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
People Today

In this text the author first tries to provide an answer on the number of religious people today in two post-communist and Orthodox countries, and then on the number of Orthodox believers in them. Therefore he analyzes numerous data from empirical evidence using a large number of indicators discussed in the text. The author first analyzes them as indicators of representative dimension of religiousness, then as indicators of beliefs in dogmatic core of Christianity, indicators of current church ritual practice and finally, as indicators of a traditional attitude towards religion and church. With these analyses the author tries to find the criterion or criteria which best express the religiousness of people in a particular area. The analysis identifies three approaches in Russian sociological and religious literature. The first one is defined as a classic, positivistic approach, the second one as post-classic or phenomenological, and the third one as synthetic. Then the author discusses the term attachment to religion and church and its indicators, as well as the indices which are sociologically more suitable for the research of the religious and church complex. In the end the author gives a few methodological instructions for a sociological and empirical research of religiousness.

The Three Pillars of Radicalization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Jocelyn J. Bélanger ◽  
Rohan Gunaratna
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Local Network ◽  
The Third ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Mainstream Society

This book identifies the three major determinants of radicalization that progresses into violent extremism, the three Ns of radicalization. The first determinant is the need: Individuals’ universal desire for personal significance. The second determinant is the narrative. Because significance is conferred by members of one’s group, the group’s narrative guides members in their quest for significance. The third determinant is the network: membership of one’s group who validate the narrative and who dispense rewards (respect and veneration) to members who implement it. The quest for significance is activated in one of three major ways: (a) through a loss of significance occasioned by personal failure or affront to one’s social identity (e.g., ethnicity, religion, race), (b) through a threat of significance loss if one failed to respond to a challenge or to defend one’s group values, and/or (c) through an opportunity for a significance gain (e.g., becoming a hero or a martyr) by selflessly defending one’s group values. In groups that see their values (e.g., religion, sovereignty, culture) under threat from some (real or imagined) actor, the narrative often justifies violence against the detractor and portrays it as a supreme road to significance. Especially where violence is contrary to the norms of the mainstream society, validation of the violence–significance link by the local network is particularly important. The present 3N model of radicalization and the varied empirical evidence that supports it are leveraged to interpret prior theories of radicalization and to address major issues in the domains of deradicalization and recidivism.

Armchair Arguments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Lafollette
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Know How

Valuable armchair arguments are shaped by significant reservoirs of knowledge, albeit knowledge that lies in their background, rather than the foreground. So understood armchair arguments are essential to any serious investigation of the issue of gun control. They help establish the burden of proof: they show what it is reasonable to believe if the rights-based arguments and the empirical evidence are less than compelling. They inform the arguments about the serious right to bear arms. They are essential in seeking and evaluating empirical evidence: they enable researchers to know how to structure empirical research and how to interpret their findings.

Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110072
Author(s):  
Ramon van der Does ◽  
Vincent Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

Dilthey und einige Folgen

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-385
Author(s):  
Hans-Harald Müller ◽  
Mirko Nottscheid
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The Third

AbstractThe first part of our text analyzes Dilthey’s seminal lecture and essay Archives of Literature in the context of his endeavors to form a philosophically founded empirical research program for the humanities. The second part describes the structure, aims, history, and activities of the Berliner Literatur-Archiv-Gesellschaft (LAG, 1891–1944) which was founded following Diltheyʼs essay. The third part compares the LAG with contemporary archives and archival endeavors by libraries and private collectors.

scholarly journals Is Liturgy Ludic? Distinguishing between the Phenomena of Play and Ritual

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Christina M. Gschwandtner
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ontological Claim

What is the nature (or “Wesen”) of the liturgical phenomenon? It has become immensely popular to describe liturgical or ritual practice as a kind of “holy play,” whether as metaphor, as productive analogy for pragmatic or theological purposes, or even as making an ontological claim about what liturgy “is” in its essence. The present article seeks to complicate the association of the phenomena of liturgy and of play. The first part traces the origins of the notion of play and the development of its application to ritual in the most influential sources from Kant to Gadamer. The second part highlights its prevalence in the contemporary discussion and elucidates how it is being used. The third part provides a phenomenological analysis to demonstrate important differences between the two phenomena and to question the contention that liturgy is a form of play. The final part tries to ascertain the broader practical and theological aims being served by the association of the two phenomena and—via a return to the question of the nature of the liturgical phenomenon in a more theological mode—suggests that these aims might be accomplished more productively in ways that avoid the downsides of identifying ritual or liturgy with play.

Naturalized Aesthetics and Emotion Theory

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Reisenzein
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Concrete Application ◽  
Emotion Theory

Murray Smith’s proposal in Film, Art, and the Third Culture for a naturalized aesthetics is of interest to both film theorists and psychologists: for the former, it helps to elucidate how films work; for the latter, it provides concrete application cases of psychological theories. However, there are reasons for believing that the theory of emotions that Smith has adopted from psychology to ground his case studies—an extended version of basic emotions theory—is less well supported than he suggests. The available empirical evidence seems more compatible with the assumption that the different emotions are outputs of a single, integrated system.

scholarly journals An interdisciplinary perspective on the value of envy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Sara Protasi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The Way

The public and scholars alike largely consider envy to be reprehensible. This judgment of the value of envy commonly results either from a limited understanding of the nature of envy or from a limited understanding of how to determine the value of phenomena. Overcoming this state requires an interdisciplinary collaboration of psychologists and philosophers. That is, broad empirical evidence regarding the nature of envy generated in psychological studies must inform judgments about the value of envy according to sophisticated philosophical standards. We conducted such a collaboration. Empirical research indicates that envy is constituted by multiple components which in turn predict diverse outcomes that may be functional for the self and society. Accordingly, the value of envy is similarly nuanced. Sometimes, envy may have instrumental value in promoting prudentially and morally good outcomes. Sometimes, envy may be non-instrumentally prudentially and morally good. Sometimes, envy may be bad. This nuanced perspective on the value of envy has implications for recommendations on how to deal with envy and paves the way toward future empirical and theoretical investigations on the nature and the value of envy.

The Empirical Research for the Expansion of Chain into the Third and Fourth Tier Cities in Guangdong Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1967-1970
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
De Shan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
County Level ◽  
Scientific Choice ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Set Up

The Retail Chain Enterprises implement the strategy of channel to sink to set up shops in third and fourth cities. A reasonable and scientific choice of order of priority must be made when the enterprises entering those cities. This article adopts the approach of the Factor Analysis and duster Analysis the analysis 72 cities (including county-level cities) according to purchasing power index, and to explore how Retail Chain Enterprises to make the market of third and fourth their cities in Guangdong province. The conclusion that is the order of decision ——making to enter into the third and fourth tier cities, which has important guiding significance.

scholarly journals The effect of preregistration on trust in empirical research findings: results of a registered report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 181351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarahanne M. Field ◽  
E.-J. Wagenmakers ◽  
Henk A. L. Kiers ◽  
Rink Hoekstra ◽  
Anja F. Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Research Initiatives

The crisis of confidence has undermined the trust that researchers place in the findings of their peers. In order to increase trust in research, initiatives such as preregistration have been suggested, which aim to prevent various questionable research practices. As it stands, however, no empirical evidence exists that preregistration does increase perceptions of trust. The picture may be complicated by a researcher's familiarity with the author of the study, regardless of the preregistration status of the research. This registered report presents an empirical assessment of the extent to which preregistration increases the trust of 209 active academics in the reported outcomes, and how familiarity with another researcher influences that trust. Contrary to our expectations, we report ambiguous Bayes factors and conclude that we do not have strong evidence towards answering our research questions. Our findings are presented along with evidence that our manipulations were ineffective for many participants, leading to the exclusion of 68% of complete datasets, and an underpowered design as a consequence. We discuss other limitations and confounds which may explain why the findings of the study deviate from a previously conducted pilot study. We reflect on the benefits of using the registered report submission format in light of our results. The OSF page for this registered report and its pilot can be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B3K75 .

scholarly journals Phenomenology and Experimental Psychology: On the Prospects and Limitations of Experimental Research for a Phenomenological Epistemology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Berghofer
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Transcendental Phenomenology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Phenomenological Conception

AbstractHusserl’s transcendental phenomenology is first and foremost a science of the structures of consciousness. Since it is intended to yield eidetic, i. e., a priori insights, it is often assumed that transcendental phenomenology and the natural sciences are totally detached from each other such that phenomenological investigations cannot possibly benefit from empirical evidence. The aim of this paper is to show that a beneficial relationship is possible. To be more precise, I will show how Husserl’s a priori investigations on consciousness can be supplemented by research in experimental psychology in order to tackle fundamental questions in epistemology. Our result will be a phenomenological conception of experiential justification that is in accordance with and supported by empirical phenomena such as perceptual learning and the phenomenon of blindsight. Finally, I shall shed light on the systematic limits of empirical research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document