General Object and Special Object Principles of the Legal Regulation of Industrial Property in Cross-Border Relations

International agreements, as well as the national legislation of various States, in addition to the territorial principle of protection of industrial property, the principle of national treatment, the principle of convention or exhibition priority, do not specifically identify other principles of protection of industrial property that would uniform national legislation in the field of protection of industrial property in most aspects of protection, and that would also take into account the specifics of a particular object of protection. The paper distinguishes and formulates general object principles of protection of industrial property, not expressly enshrined in international agreements, as well as special object principles of protection of individual objects of industrial property. It is noted that the operation of general principles applied universally for protection of all objects of industrial property and historically established universal principles of national regime, territoriality, principles of convention and exhibition priority are supplemented by such general object principles as the principle of exclusive protection of industrial property, the principle of production and technical development. These principles can be considered general in view of their extension to other objects not expressly specified in the Paris Convention. At the same time, with regard to separate objects (groups of objects) of industrial property, one can determine special object principles of protection on the ground of their specificity.The author applies formal legal and comparative legal methods of the study, on the basis of which special international principles of protection were formulated: the principle of exclusive protection, the principle of focus on production and technical development. The paper describes special principles of protection for individual objects: the declarative and evidentiary principle of protection of registered industrial property, the principle of protection of marks “such as they are”, the principle of protection of new creative results in relation to patentable objects, the principle of absolute nature of the rights certified by the patent.

LABOR IN FOREIGN COMPANIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL TREATMENT IN GATS / WTO FRAMEWORK

Since The Issuance Of Law No. 1 Of 1967 Concerning Planting Foreign Capital And Is Now Replaced By-Law No. 25 Years 2007 Regarding Investment There Are No More Foreign Companies Nationalized By The Government And There Is A Political Promise Of The President Who Guarantee There Will Be No Nationalization Of Foreign Companies In Indonesian Regional Foreign Investment Forum. Although There Is Protection Nationalization Of Foreign Companies There Are Various Government Policies For The National Interest, One Of Which Is By Requiring Foreign Companies To Use Local Labor Which Can Be Called The Indonesianization Of Labor In The Company Foreign Law Contained In Act Number 13 Of 2003 Concerning Employment Article 43 To 49. Indeed This Is Indonesia's Sovereignty To Protect Its Domestic Interests Especially The Rights Of Its Citizens To Get Jobs, But Within Indonesia's International Trade In Services Must Comply Various Agreed International Regulations Listed In The GATS / WTO, Whether Indonesianization Of Workers In Foreign Companies This Is Following The Principle Of National Treatment In GATS And Whether This Government Action Is Following The Provisions In The GATS / WTO. By Conducting Descriptive Analytical Research With Methods Normative Juridical Approach, The Author Will Examine Various Regulations National Legislation Related To The Use Of Labor In Foreign Companies And Compare Them Whether This Is Following Existing International Agreements, Especially Within The GATS / WTO. The Results Of This Study Indicate That The Indonesianization Of Workers In Foreign Companies Does Not Violate The Principle Of National Treatment GATS Due To Indonesianization Of Labor Also Applies In Companies Domestic. Indonesianization Are Energy Absorption Processes Local Work In A Foreign Company As A Way Of Dealing With It Globalization Of Trade In Services Contained As One Type Services That Have Been Regulated In GATS Are Commercial Presence.Keywords: Indonesianization of Labor, National Treatment, GATS / WTO

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMEGANG HAK ATAS MEREK ASING DI INDONESIA (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 264/K/PDT.SUS-HKI/2015)

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to legal protection for foreign brands (famous) against the removal of a foreign brand (famous) listed as well as knowing clearly study the sentence “usage” in section 74 subsection (1) of Law Number 20 year 2016 about brands and geographical indications. Legal research this is a normative penilitian or dokterial, and prescriptive in nature. The source of the legal materials that are used in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The method of collecting the material used is the legal syllogism by using deductive thinking patterns. Based on the results of research and discussion of results that PT Inter IKEA Systems B.V. as famous foreign brands can use brand protection “right Priorities” that bersumberkan to the principles of the Paris Convention effect has been incorporated in the the Treaty of TRIPs, namely with the principle of national treatment. Last usage in section 74 subsection (1) o of Law Number 20 year 2016 about brands and geographical indications stated that the use of the brand in the production of goods or services traded. When the last usage is calculated from the last date of usage even after that the goods concerned are still circulating in the community.<br />Keywords: Legal Protection; Right; Famous Foreign Brands</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk perlindungan hukum bagi merek asing (terkenal) terhadap penghapusan merek asing (terkenal) terdaftar serta mengetahui secara jelas kajian kalimat “pemakaian terakhir” dalam Pasal 74 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penilitian normatif atau dokterial, dan bersifat preskriptif. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Tehnik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah silogisme dengan menggunakan pola berfikir deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan ini dihasilkan PT Inter IKEA System BV sebagai merek asing terkenal dapat menggunakan perlindungan merek “Hak Prioritas” yang bersumberkan kepada Konvensi Paris yang asas-asasnya telah digabungkan di dalam perjanjian TRIPs yaitu dengan principle of national treatment. Pemakaian Terakhir dalam Pasal 74 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis menyatakan bahwa Penggunaan merek tersebut pada produksi barang atau jasa yang diperdagangkan. Saat pemakaian terakhir tersebut dihitung dari tanggal terakhir pemakaian sekalipun setelah itu barang yang bersangkutan masih beredar di masyarakat.<br />Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Hak; Merek Asing Terkenal</p>

TRANSFORMATION OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN CROSS-BORDER RELATIONS IN THE PRESENT-DAY CONDITIONS

The author has investigated the basic principles of industrial property protection in their dynamic development in cross-border relations. The author elucidates the territorial principle of industrial property protection in the context of the necessity to overcome it. It is noted that in most industrial property cases the principle of territoriality (territorial independence of protection in respect of objects of industrial property) is more often used as compared with copyright cases.In fact, States create certain conditions for overcoming the (partial) territorial principle of protection when, at the international level, international protection mechanisms are being developed to protect industrial property. The creation of such mechanisms obliges the States to recognize declaratory documents (international applications) and single sign-ons (international registrations), to provide protection to the facility that has been granted protection abroad (e.g. in the case of appellation of origin or geographical indication registered in the country of origin). Indeed, such an overcoming is conditional, but it always reflects the interests of applicants and rights holders and seems to be extremely important in the modern context of globalization, expanding markets and cross-border technology exchange.At the same time, at the current stage of development of the system of the legal regulation of industrial property in cross-border relations, the principle of national treatment on the basis of unified action of international mechanisms applied for the industrial property protection has been partly transformed into the principle of the international treatment extending the common rules for establishing rights to industrial property on actors from a large number of countries.It would be possible to speak about overcoming the territorial principle of protection if the fundamental principle of protection of industrial property — the principle of national treatment — were transformed into the principle of international treatment.The author highlights an important character of the principle of conventional priority and the need for its extension to other objects of industrial property except for those in respect of which priority is not inherently possible (appellations of origin, geographical indications, indications of origin). The problem of implementation of the principle of exhibition priority has been explored separately.

11. Qualification

This chapter discusses the qualification requirement for copyright protection in the UK. The UK copyright system is based on the principle of national treatment contained in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886, in the Universal Copyright Convention, and in the TRIPS Agreement. This requires that authors connected with another member state are to be treated in the same way as a member state’s own authors and should receive the same copyright protection. That connection with a member state might be provided in two ways: the author may have a personal relationship with the member state, or the work may be first published in that member state.

KEBERADAAN DAN IMPLIKASI PRINSIP MFN DAN NT DALAM PENGATURAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL DI INDONESIA

The WTO – TRIPs Agreement regulates the principle of non- discrimination which must be complied by its member countries. There are two principle of non discriminationnamely the principle of National Treatment ( NT ) and Most Favoured Nations principle (MFN). This study focus to the adoption of MFN and NT principles into IntellectualProperty Rights laws of Indonesia whether it harmony with the legal system in Indonesia. This study uses the normative legal research methods by using conceptual approachand statute approach . The legal materials that studies in this research consists of thePrimary Legal Materials : Act No. 19 of 2002 , Act No. No. . 15 of 2001, Act No. 14 of2001, as well as the TRIPs Agreement. Secondary legal materials studied in this research are legal text books and law journals related to NT and MFN principle in the field of IntellectualProperty Rights. .The results showed that the Principle of Non Discrimination System in the form of theprinciple of National Treatment (NT) expressly governed through Article 3 TRIPsAgreement and the principle of Most Favoured Nations (MFN) regulated through Article 4TRIPS Agreement. As a member of WTO-TRIPs Agreement, Indonesia should comply andadopt the MFN and NT principles into IPR laws. Currently those principles exist implicitlyand explicitly such as in the Act No. 19 of 2002, the Act No. 14 of 2001, and the Act No. 15of 2001. Although the MFN and NT principles has already adopted, it is still need moreeffort to implement the principle of non Discrimination, especially in the relationshipbetween Indonesia and other unequal size countries, between developing and developedcountries.