The Systems of Volume-Localized Electron Quantum Levels of Charged Fullerenes

The existence of a system of short-lived, discrete, volume-localized electron quantum levels in positively charged fullerenes is theoretically and numerically demonstrated using the example of fullerenes C60 and C20. Unlike experimentally and theoretically well-studied electron states localized in a thin surface layer, these electron states are due to the flat part of the Coulomb potential of a positively charged fullerene sphere. The energy width of the system of such discrete volume-localized levels depends on the charge and increases with increasing charge. For C60+1, the energy width is 0.16 a.u. and increases up to 0.9 a.u. for fullerene C60+10. Thus, the electrons captured on these discrete levels of fullerene form a sort of short-lived superheavy “nanoatom” or “nanoion,” in which the electrons are localized inside a positively charged spherical “nucleus” with an atomic mass of 240 a.u. for C20 and 720 a.u. for C60. Numerous published papers have demonstrated theoretically and experimentally the existence of metastable positively charged C60 fullerenes with a charge of +10 or more, which suggests the possibility of experimental observation of the considering system of volume-localized electronic states. In conclusion, questions are discussed and estimates are made of the possibility of generating coherent radiation at these transitions.

Narrow-Energy-Width CT Based on Multivoltage X-Ray Image Decomposition

A polychromatic X-ray beam causes the grey of the reconstructed image to depend on its position within a solid and the material being imaged. This factor makes quantitative measurements via computed tomography (CT) imaging very difficult. To obtain a narrow-energy-width reconstructed image, we propose a model to decompose multivoltage X-ray images into many narrow-energy-width X-ray images by utilizing the low frequency characteristics of X-ray scattering. It needs no change of hardware in the typical CT system. Solving the decomposition model, narrow-energy-width projections are obtained and it is used to reconstruct the image. A cylinder composed of aluminum and silicon is used in a verification experiment. Some of the reconstructed images could be regarded as real narrow-energy-width reconstructed images, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Energy Level Width of 2DEG in Different Well in Mesoscopic System

Applying theories on quasi-classical particles and the uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics, we get the formula of uncertainty and energy level width in triangular well and parabolic well of two dimension electron gas (2DEG).Based on these ,we find energy width will increase along with the increasing of electronic field intensity and quantum number at the same electronic field, the energy width of parabolic well is more narrow than width of triangular well. At the same time, the result of this paper is agreement with the experiment.

Study on Energy Materials with Energy Level Width of 2DEG in Triangular Well

Applying theories on quasi-classical particles and the uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics, we deduce the formula of energy uncertainty in energy materials with electric field .We use it to two dimension electron gas (2DEG) in triangular well and get its energy width. Based on these, we find energy width will increase along with the increasing of electronic field intensity. At the same time, the energy width of the first excitated state is wider than the ground state, At the same time, the result of this paper is agreement with the experiment.

LWFA OF ATTO-SECOND AND FEMTO-SECOND BUNCHES FOR PULSE RADIOLYSIS

Pulse radiolysis spectroscopically studies the initial stage of atomic and molecular reactions induced by electron beams. Single-bunched beams with bunch lengths on the order of femtosecond or shorter are fervently requested for this purpose. The laser wake field acceleration is readily applicable now, which is able to realize beams with bunch length of 1 fs, energy of 30 MeV, repetition rate of 1 Hz, bunch charge of 10 pC, energy width of 10%, etc.