Hippotherapy and life habits with children with motor deficit and neurodevelopmental impairment: A pilot survey of parents

PURPOSE: Hippotherapy is used by rehabilitation professionals to assist children with various diagnoses. Despite parents’ pivotal decision-making role regarding their children’s life and treatment, little is known about their perceptions of hippotherapy’s utility. This pilot study explored parents’ opinions regarding hippotherapy’s impact on their child’s life habits, as guided by the Disability Creation Process model. METHODS: A survey was conducted in September/October 2017 with the parents of children with varied diagnoses receiving hippotherapy in Quebec. The survey asked parents to priority rank life habit categories and then grade hippotherapy’s service characteristics and impact on children’s life habits. Descriptive analysis and proportion tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The parents of 26 children completed the survey. These children were on average seven years old with multiple diagnoses (e.g., autism spectra, developmental delay). A positive impact was perceived for 10 of 12 life habit categories, with a statistically significant association found with Mobility and Interpersonal relationships. It was not possible to calculate the association between the profession involved and hippotherapy effects due to the small sample size. CONCLUSION: This investigation provides some promising results regarding the benefits of hippotherapy for children’s life habits.

Associating Fitness Position and Way of life in College Students

The study aimed to compare health status and lifestyle i n university students. The participants were college students from health and physical Ed. majors (N = 195, Mean = 20.9, SD = 1.87) and population Ed. majors (N = 195, Mean = 2 1.73, SD = 0.93) in Chitwan. The Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life habit (DIHAL.2) scale (Tokunaga, 2003) was administered to all participants. A one-way sample t-test was used to analyze the difference in both interdepartmental and gender effects. Results of t-test indicated that there were significantly difference in physical health, social health and life habit. Moreover, students majoring in health and physical education were scored lower on the mental health domain compared to the physical and social health domains. The practical implication of this study focused on finding the difference between the students who regularly exercised and those who did not, and considered the characteristics of gender.

Hinge and ecomorphology of Legumen Conrad, 1858 (Bivalvia, Veneridae), and the contraction of venerid morphospace following the end-Cretaceous extinction

The Veneridae are the most speciose modern family of bivalves, and one of the most morphologically conservative and homoplastic, making subfamily- and sometimes even genus-level classification difficult. The widespread Cretaceous genus Legumen Conrad, 1858 is currently placed in the subfamily Tapetinae of the Veneridae, although it more closely resembles the Solenoida (razor clams, Pharidae and Solenidae) in general shell form. Here we provide high-resolution images of the Legumen hinge for the first time. We confirm from hinge morphology that Legumen belongs in Veneridae, but it should be referred to incertae subfamiliae, rather than retained in the Tapetinae, particularly in light of the incomplete and unstable understanding of venerid systematics. Legumen represents a unique hinge dentition and a shell form—and associated life habit—that is absent in the modern Veneridae despite their taxonomic diversity. Veneridae are hyperdiverse in the modern fauna, but strikingly ‘under-disparate,’ having lost forms while gaining species in the long recovery from the end-Cretaceous extinction.

EKSISTENSI PESANTREN DAN KONTRIBUSINYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

Historically, boarding schools (pesantren) since its inception has never silent in face of religious social problems. Activities pesantren in response to global problems has been demonstrated since the early days of glory. Involvement of schools in globalized world has been proved by historical facts are not possible to be denied. Pesantren with various elements of education has been able to develop character education to be maximal. This is reflected in planting of theoretical value obtained from studies book in form of real practices in daily life. Habit can form a good character to students, and process naturally without forced. Success of schools in shaping character invites many other institutions to emulate design of schools, ie educational boarding. Many education experts believe that concept of a boarding education such as that implemented by schools actually capable of shaping students’ character.

Ontogeny of the two co-occurring middle Furongian (late Cambrian) shumardiid trilobites and the protaspid morphology of shumardiids

Shumardiid trilobites had a small, unique morphology, and formed a key constituent in trilobite faunas during the Cambrian–Ordovician. Because of their unusual morphology, they have been the subject of research s, into various aspects such as their life habit, functional morphology, evolutionary origin and ontogeny. Originally, a flat, adult-like protaspid morphology was suggested for shumardiids, but subsequently a bulbous protaspid morphology interpreted to be associated with metamorphosis was also suggested for this unique trilobite group. This article documents the ontogeny of the two co-occurring shumardiid trilobites, Akoldinioidia latus Park and Kihm and Koldinioidia choii Park and Kihm, from the middle Furongian Hwajeol Formation, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. Interestingly, protaspides of the two shumardiids have a bulbous morphology. Given the stratigraphic occurrences of the two shumardiids, it can be inferred that commutavi protaspis appeared quite early in the shumardiid evolution. The co-occurrence of the two closely related trilobites is reminiscent of sexual dimorphism, although further evidence is required to prove it. The appearance of metamorphosis-undergoing protaspides in the Furongian shumardiids may have been due to the onset of increasing ecological pressure in the early phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.