A comparison of methods for determining dipole moments in solution

The equation (1) - (6) serving to determine dipole moments in solution were statistically tested on selected experimental data. Two kinds of data sets were used, referring to compounds with zero and non-zero dipole moments, respectively. Essentially the same results were obtained with the methods of Guggenheim-Smith, Eq. (3), of Halverstadt-Kumler, Eq. (1), and with the complete Debye equation (2). The differences between them are less important than the error introduced by estimating the atomic polarization to 5-15% of the molecular refraction and/or by calculating the latter from increments. More sophisticated equations (4) and (5) based on the Onsager theory do not yield better results than the Debye theory, this means that the agreement with the gas phase values is not improved.

Effektive Elektronenzahlen in Dispersionspotentialen. Oberflächenspannung assoziationsfreier Flüssigkeiten. Diamagnetismus / Effective Electron Numbers in dispersion potentials. Surface tension of nonassociated liquids. Diamagnetism

Effective electron numbers are proposed for the evaluation of the dispersion forces potentials between polyatomic molecules. Using these potentials improved formulas are derived for the calculation of the surface tension of nonassociated fluids in terms of molar volume and molecular refraction (polarizability). - Critical comments are made on certain connections between polarizability and diamagnetic susceptibility supposed in the literature.