Why is Soft (Green) Processing (= Low-Energy Production) of Advanced Nano-Materials Difficult but Necessary for Sustainable Society?

Modern our society has been developed with various advanced nano-materials. Most of the advanced materials, Metallurgical materials, Semiconductors, Ceramic materials, and Plastics have been used in a wide area of applications like structural, mechanical, chemical, electrical, electronic, optical, photonic, biological, medical, etc. Most of them, except for bio-polymers & bio-minerals, have never been produced via biological systems. Thus they have generally been fabricated artificially and/or industrially by so-called high-technology, where harsh conditions & high energy species like high temperature, high pressure, vacuum, molecule, atom, ion, plasma, etc. have been used for their fabrications, thus consumed a huge amount of resources and energies then exhausted huge amounts of wastes: materials, heats, and entropy. To save this tragedy, we must consider “Cascade use of Heats” and “Low energy Production of advanced nano-materials via water-based processings.” Bio-inspired process, which means that “Learn from Bio-systems then Exceed them”. We have challenged to fabricate those advanced inorganic materials with the desired shape/size/location, etc. directly in low energetic routes using aqueous solutions since 1989 when we found a method to fabricate BaTiO3 film on Ti substrate in a Ba(OH)2 solution by Hydrothermal Electrochemical[HEC] method at low temperatures of 60-200 C. We proposed in 1995 an innovative concept and technology, “Soft Processing” or “Soft Solution Processing,” which aims low energetic (=environmentally friendly) fabrication of shaped, sized, located, and oriented inorganic materials in/from solutions1,2). It can be regarded as green processing or eco-processing. When we have activated/stimulated interfacial reactions locally and/or moved the reaction point dynamically, we can get patterned ceramic films directly in solution without any firing, masking, nor etching—direct Patterning of CdS, PbS, and CaWO4 on papers by Ink-Jet Reaction method. Furthermore, we have succeeded in fabricating BaTiO3 patterns on Ti by a laser beam scanning3) and carbon patterns on Si by plasma using a needle electrode scanning directly in solutions. Successes in TiO2 and CeO2 patterns by Ink-Jet Deposition, where nano-particles are nucleated and grown successively on the surface of the substrate, thus become dense even below 300 oC will be presented. Nano-structured films will also be talked. .A recent novel subject, Soft Processing for various nano-carbons including graphene and functionalized graphene will be introduced. Where we have succeeded to prepare functionalized Graphene Ink via successive processes under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.

The Exploitation of Household Knitting Goods Made of Linen

Household textile is developing gradually from the practical function to multi-function, such as adornment, beautify and the healthy. It is becoming a kind of cultural. The linen fiber has various advantages. It is "green fiber" and its special took function catering the consumer’s environmental protection and health mental state. Today, mostly flaxen house products are woven by weaving machine. Because of knitting difficulty, it exist a lot of problem to product the flaxen knit fabric. However, the special style of knitting fabric product is deferent from the weaving flaxen fabric. This text overviews the present situation of the household textile and introduces the characteristics of linen fiber and constitutes. The most impotent is we studied the handling process of linen yarn before knitting flaxen knit household fabric and the soft processing of flaxen textile. The last we prospected the vast foreground of flaxen household-use textile product.