A 3-D detection method of moving traffic loads based on the stereo vision

<p>Vehicle tracking based on computer vision is an important part of traffic load monitoring. The stable and reliable vehicle detection is the primary task of vehicle tracking. The widely used 2-D detection works accurately in simple situation but faces obstacles in dealing with multi-vehicle overlap. Therefore, this paper proposes a 3-D detection method of vehicles based on the stereo vision, which can position accurately the vehicles partly covered in the image to keep a continuous vehicle tracking. This method builds spatial relations between observed objects such as wheels and the feature points on the vehicle. With spatial relations determined, when the observed objects of the vehicle are partly covered by other objects, their positions can be inferred accurately from the visible feature points of the vehicle. Experiments were taken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>

A Ki U

Relationships are everything! We fall in and out of love, we enter and exit partnerships of business, employment, and sports. Cultural partnerships are founded in treaties for which bi-culturalism is sought, hindered, pondered, and/or resisted by relationships. This chapter seeks to explain the science of processing such relationships from one Maori woman's perspective as an educator and practitioner of counselling and social work. A quality process is a social construction of interactions underpinned by quality principles. While relationships contribute much to the success of a process, the process must also be practice “friendly.” The test of an effective process like A Ki U is when it can be applied to a simple situation like a game of cards and still be effective in a complex situation, like relationships. Are most relationships not complex situations? This process for facilitation of well-being is called “A Ki U,” so named because of the five steps represented by each vowel of the Maori alphabet: A, E, I, O, U. The steps are simple, and simplicity is profound.

Introduction to Asymptotic Theory: Volatility Estimation for a Continuous Process

This chapter presents the simple situation of a one-dimensional continuous martingale to “estimate” its integrated volatility. For pedagogical reasons, it demonstrates nearly every statement beyond classical probability theory, without appealing to outside results: “demonstrate” is in fact too ambitious a word, since complete proofs are quite intricate in the most general situation, but a precise scheme is given for all proofs, emphasizing methods and ideas. These schematic proofs can serve as a template for the other situations encountered in the book, whose proofs will typically invoke general central limit theorems that are only stated in Appendix A, or elsewhere in the literature.

Lagrangian drift near a wavy boundary in a viscous oscillating flow

The formation of sand ripples in oscillating flows is thought to be due to a steady streaming current which near the bottom is towards the crests. We present quantitative observations of this mean flow over self-formed and artificial ripples, by observing the displacement of a coloured filament after a number of oscillations in the simple situation of viscous Couette flow. Confusingly, the filament moves in the ‘wrong’ direction, because it follows the Lagrangian mean flow. We calculate the Lagrangian mean flow. A complication is that the amplitudes of the oscillations in the experiments are not small. We compare the predictions with the experimental observations of displacements of the filament, showing good agreement.

STOCHASTIC LEARNING OF FRACTAL IMAGES

Optimal compression and decompression of fractal images can be performed by out-of-equilibrium stochastic systems which exhibit a learning behaviour. We show how stochastic systems of this type are able to learn the structure of classical fractal images in a simple situation.

Monitoring fluid movement with the borehole gravity meter

Use of the borehole gravity (BHG) meter as a detector of density distribution suggests that a reservoir could be monitored for bulk density changes caused by redistribution of fluids after hydrocarbons have been partially extracted from it. In a simple situation in which liquid hydrocarbons are being extracted from a well, an overlying gas zone might begin to penetrate toward the perforations from above, while an underlying water‐zone formation might begin to penetrate toward the perforations from below. One idealized reservoir and one real reservoir are modeled for BHG meter responses in prepump and postpump reservoir conditions. Results suggest that the BHG meter density differences could be detected if the survey had a high degree of quality control.

Tariffing of Consequential Loss Insurance

In the following, consequential losses after fires are considered. A generalisation to consequential losses after other risks is most likely rather trivial.The purpose of this paper is rather asking questions and putting a problem before the readers than presenting solutions. According to our experience, little has been done to seek logical systems or to construct mathematical or physical models in order to study these problems. The volume of business is rapidly growing but it could grow much more if a more reasonable tariffing was made. Many insured with fire insurances hesitate to take out an additional consequential coverage. They can see the need of the coverage, but they will not accept—and rightly—the present market rates. Actuarial colleagues are invited to join in building up suitable models to guide the practical underwriter.The office premium today is most often composed of the following parameters:a. the premium rate of the corresponding fire insuranceb. the insurance sum, defined e.g. as the expected turnover less variable costsc. the coverage period, an upper limit of the period in which indemnity can be given. In Denmark, for a period of 12 months the premium of a consequential loss' insurance is normally defined as the insurance sum multiplied by the fire premium + 25 per cent.We shall regard various risk situations in order to study the relationship between the fire risk and the consequential loss. The most simple situation is an undertaking where practically spoken only total fire losses will occur. One may think of a fireworks factory or a telephone exchange building. The fireworks factory will burn out physically. After a fire the contents of the telephone building, even if the majority of the materials is at hand, will be worthless because of the corrosion caused by the PVC contents of the wires. In the cases mentioned, an outbreaking fire might, of course, be extinguished so early that practically no damage will occur. If the fire, however, exceeds a certain extent, a total loss is likely to follow.

Interaction between three modes in a non-homogeneous plasma

The interaction between three modes in a non-homogeneous plasma is analyzed in a very simple situation. It is shown that, unlike the homogeneous case, and on account of the regular character of the perturbation procedure used, the problem does not call for a nonlinear algorithm. A strong interaction takes place when both pump and idler modes exist inside the plasma and all modes have wavelengths (much) smaller than the plasma non-homogeneities.

RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONIC ENERGY CALCULATIONS BY A MODIFIED LOCAL-ENERGY METHOD

This statistical study of the performance of a modified local-energy method using random selection shows that there is little advantage in using large numbers of electron positions, the quality of the wave functions being a much more significant factor. A relationship is given between the quality of the wave function and the resulting accuracy. Use of as few as 25 sets of electron positions is suggested.A method of avoiding the increase in the calculation time with the size of a system is given and was found to be very accurate in a simple situation.

Modern Idiom in an Ancient Context

Since the Second World War we have been subjected to a flood of memoirs and counter-memoirs by generals, admirals, air marshals, and politicians. One of the direct results of this is that our vocabulary has been increased—if not enriched—by a military jargon. Most of the latter's terms have in fact very specialized meanings, and if they are used out of their proper context they can present a highly coloured view of a rather simple situation. Can these terms be applied with validity to historical situations of antiquity ? At first sight there is an attraction in theirvery modernity, for they seem to give a freshness of approach; but Professor Salmon's use of them in his recent article, ‘The Strategy of the Second Punic War’, has made the dangers of their use manifestly clear. By his use of these anachronisms—for that is surely what they are—Professor Salmon has given nothing new in the way of interpretation, but merely provided confirmation of Oman's dictum ‘Historians may have the most divergent views according to their predispositions’, and has exaggerated the capabilities of both sides beyond belief.