Monitoring fluid movement with the borehole gravity meter

Geophysics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1267-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alton K. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Simple Situation ◽  
Water Zone ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
High Degree

Use of the borehole gravity (BHG) meter as a detector of density distribution suggests that a reservoir could be monitored for bulk density changes caused by redistribution of fluids after hydrocarbons have been partially extracted from it. In a simple situation in which liquid hydrocarbons are being extracted from a well, an overlying gas zone might begin to penetrate toward the perforations from above, while an underlying water‐zone formation might begin to penetrate toward the perforations from below. One idealized reservoir and one real reservoir are modeled for BHG meter responses in prepump and postpump reservoir conditions. Results suggest that the BHG meter density differences could be detected if the survey had a high degree of quality control.

scholarly journals Determination of gas-saturated oil density at reservoir conditions and development of quality control index of PVT laboratory report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Al-Marhoun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Accuracy Estimate ◽  
Bubble Point ◽  
Laboratory Report ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Data Yield ◽  
Oil Density

AbstractThe oil density at the bubble point is an important thermodynamic property required in reservoir simulation and production engineering. A higher-accuracy estimate of this property would improve the accuracy of reservoir and production engineering calculations. The bubble point oil density is obtained either from separator tests of reservoir fluids or from differential gas liberation tests. A new procedure utilizing separator and differential tests is proposed whereby the experimental data yield a unique value with high accuracy for the bubble point oil density. A consistent correction of other PVT properties, which are influenced by the bubble point oil density, is required to reflect the unique density value. A quantitative quality control index is defined to measure the quality of PVT laboratory reports. This is achieved by utilizing the unique property of the bubble point oil density, which is usually ignored.

Soil carbon and bulk density distribution within 10 Southern Piedmont grazing systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hendricks ◽  
D. Franklin ◽  
S. Dahal ◽  
D. Hancock ◽  
L. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Grazing Systems

Barrier Zone Formation as a Resistance Mechanism of Elms to Dutch Elm Disease

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J.M. Bonsen ◽  
R.J. Scheffer ◽  
D.M. Elgersma
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Ophiostoma Ulmi ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Barrier Zone

Host responses of elms susceptible and resistant to Dutch elm disease were histologically examined. In a time course study the susceptible elm clone Ulmus × hollandica 'Belgica' and U. × hollandica '390', a clone which shows a high degree of resistance to non-aggressive isolates and a moderate degree of resistance to aggressive isolates of Ophiostoma ulmi, were inoculated in twig or trunk with either an aggressive or a non-aggressive isolate of O. ulmi. For purposes of comparison, the susceptible elm U. americana and the more resistant clones U. × hollandica 'Groeneveld', U. 'Lobel' and U. 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' were included. Depending on clone-isolate compatibility, infected twigs reacted by a walling off process, by barrier zone formation, or failed to resist the infection and died. Trees inoculated into the trunk reacted comparably but in the case of a compatible combination they always formed a barrier zone and the cambium never died in the year of inoculation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Services and Interdependency between Export and Innovation Intensity in the Sector of the Business Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-131
Author(s):  
Janez Rogelj ◽  
◽  
Štefan Bojnec ◽  
Klavdij Logožar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Innovation Intensity ◽  
High Degree

In this chapter, we study services and their unique characteristics. We focus on characteristics of services, such as intangibility, immateriality; invisibility; perishability; temporary existence, sensitivity on time; non storability; inseparability; lack of inventory; sensibility of quality control; high degree of risk or difficulty in experimentation; no return possibility at un-satisfaction; customisation requirements; different distribution channels; and no rivalry. We also analyse the relations between exports, investments in development and innovation activities of Slovene business services sectors in two statistically different periods (2002-2008 and 2010-2016). A two-step approach to examine the firms’ performance in the selected business non-financial services sectors was applied. First, we used Simple Probit model, and in the second step, Simultaneous Probit model was used. The preliminary results suggest that the investment in R&D activities encourages export behaviour and that the export behaviour encourages investment in R&D activities.

scholarly journals Temporary effect of chiseling on the compaction of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sâmala Glícia Carneiro Silva ◽  
Álvaro Pires da Silva ◽  
Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola ◽  
Cássio Antônio Tormena ◽  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Structural Recovery ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Mechanical chiseling has been used to alleviate the effects of compaction in soils under no-tillage (NT). However, its effect on the soil physical properties does not seem to have a defined duration period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the bulk density (BD) and degree of compaction (DC) at different soil depths, after chiseling in no-tillage, for one year. The experiment was performed in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox). Bulk density and DC were previously measured in an area under NT for 16 years, then immediately after chiseling (CHI) in May 2009, six months after chiseling (CHI6M) in October 2009 and one year after chiseling (CHI12M) in May 2010. In the layers 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, there was a significant BD reduction CHI and a marked increase CHI6M. The BD values measured CHI12M were similar to those before tillage. Chiseling reduced the DC in the layers 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m, but returned to the initial values one year later. During the evaluation periods CHI, CHI6M and CHI12M, the BD increased in the layer 0.30-0.40 m, compared with NT. The highest DC values were observed six months after chiseling; nevertheless the structural recovery of the soil was considerable, possibly due to the high degree of soil resilience and the influence of the wetting and drying cycles detected in the study period. The chiseling effects, evaluated by BD and DC, lasted less than one year, i.e., the beneficial short-term effects of chiseling on the reduction of the surface BD increased the risk of compaction in deeper soil layers.

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