License Plate Detection using OCR with KNN

This paper presents associate in nursing economical methodology for the detection of vehicle plate by accurately localizing number plates from pictures. A straight forward downscaling of image methodology is projected initial to boost the speed of vehicle plate localization while not reducing the detection performance compared thereupon victimization the first image. Moreover, a completely unique Line Density Filter (LDF) methodology is projected to identify desired regions and eventually reducing the realm to be analysed for vehicle plate detection. Also, a vehicle plate classifier supported SVMs victimization color prominence options employed to spot the vehicle plate from the image. For performance check, a dataset having thirty pictures taken from completely different scenes under different conditions is additionally used. The data set demonstrates that the projected methodology performs well in terms of accuracy and run-time potency.

ANY FIVE POINTS LIE IN A 3-SPACE

In axiomatic formulations, every two points lie in a (straight) line, every three points lie in a plane and every four points lie in a three-dimensional space (3-space). In this paper we show that every five points lie in a 3-space as well, implying that every set of points lie in a 3-space. In other words, the 3-space occupies the entire space. The proof is based on the following four axioms: 1) every two distinct points define a unique line, 2) every three distinct points, not lying on the line, define a unique plane, 3) if 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two distinct points in a 3-space, then the line defined by the points 𝐴, 𝐵, entirely lies in this 3-space, 4) if 𝐹1, 𝐹2, 𝐹3 are three distinct points in a 3-space, not lying in a line, then the plane defined by the points 𝐹1, 𝐹2, 𝐹3, lies entirely in this 3-space.

Non-Desarguesian planes and weak associativity

During the 19th century various criticisms of Euclid's geometry emerged and alternative axiom systems were constructed. That of David Hilbert ([1], 1899) paid particular attention to the independence of the axioms, and it is his insights which have shaped many of the further developments during the 20th century.We can, from his insights, define an affine plane as a set of points, with distinguished subsets called lines such thatAxiom 1: Given two distinct points, there is a unique line containing them both.Axiom 2: Given a line L and a point, p, not contained in L, there is a unique line containing p which does not intersect L.Axiom 3: There exist at least three points, not belonging to the same line.

As a Cloud Shaped by the Winds

With the words “I hereby resign from art” imprinted on a postcard in 1985, Joseph Beuys seems to retrospectively summarize what has been the whole attempt of his art: withdrawing from the image, resisting the achieved discourse. Beuys shows, above all, the potentiality of this interruption: different equal possibilities dwell always in the same matter and no future form is predetermined or necessary. The matter does not have a unique destiny, but rather exposes an uncertainty that asks to be investigated in the present. The matter emerges from the point of view of its sheer contingency of becoming all forms, as a cloud shaped by the winds, and Beuys’ artistic measures all aim to bring the material into play as the non-human performer of the creation.While opening a reflection on the concept of the possible, this article puts into question the very form of its presentation. Scholars in Humanities often use images when presenting their thoughts and reflections: powerpoints are prepared following a unique line, and images in a presentation are used to sustain a single given discourse. But what if these images, while refusing to follow a single line and appearing all together, as in a Warburgian constellation, were able to suggest completely different connections and different possible discourses in the empty space among them?The article discloses a space where the notion of contingency affects content and form; it shares a possible discourse, but it presents it as a possible one; it discloses a space where images – in their different impulses, like winds coming from different directions – open up the vitality of their uncertain relation.

Quantitative evaluation and application of Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation with ozone treatment

Despite a wealth of studies concerning the factors affecting the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum on ozone disinfection, practical approaches for predicting the inactivation level on ozone treatment system and determining the required ozone dose or contact time to achieve the required inactivation level remain unclear. When modified version of the “Delayed Chick–Watson model” was applied, the results show that Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation was well fitted with one unique line as “C̄Tlag” and “inactivation slope” for several water parameters and water types. Thus, this study suggests quantitative methodology for predicting the Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation level with observation for the contact time of ozone and Cryptosporidium parvum and ozone residual.

A Study of the Duality Between Planar Kinematics and Statics

This paper provides geometric insight into the correlation between basic concepts underlying the kinematics of planar mechanisms and the statics of simple trusses. The implication of this correlation, referred to here as duality, is that the science of kinematics can be utilized in a systematic manner to yield insight into statics, and vice versa. The paper begins by introducing a unique line, referred to as the equimomental line, which exists for two arbitrary coplanar forces. This line, where the moments caused by the two forces at each point on the line are equal, is used to define the direction of a face force which is a force variable acting in a face of a truss. The dual concept of an equimomental line in kinematics is the instantaneous center of zero velocity (or instant center) and the paper presents two theorems based on the duality between equimomental lines and instant centers. The first theorem, referred to as the equimomental line theorem, states that the three equimomental lines defined by three coplanar forces must intersect at a unique point. The second theorem states that the equimomental line for two coplanar forces acting on a truss, with two degrees of indeterminacy, must pass through a unique point. The paper then presents the dual Kennedy theorem for statics which is analogous to the well-known Aronhold-Kennedy theorem in kinematics. This theorem is believed to be an original contribution and provides a general perspective of the importance of the duality between the kinematics of mechanisms and the statics of trusses. Finally, the paper presents examples to demonstrate how this duality provides geometric insight into a simple truss and a planar linkage. The concepts are used to identify special configurations where the truss is not stable and where the linkage loses mobility (i.e., dead-center positions).

Linear geometries on the Moebius strip: A theorem of Skornyakov type

We show that the continuity properties of a stable plane are automatically satisfied if we have a linear space with point set a Moebius strip, provided that the lines are closed subsets homeomorphic to the real line or to the circle. In other words, existence of a unique line joining two distinct points implies continuity of join and intersection. For linear spaces with an open disk as point set, the same result was proved by Skornyakov.