Electromagnetic shower reconstruction and energy validation with Michel electrons and π0 samples for the deep-learning-based analyses in MicroBooNE

This article presents the reconstruction of the electromagnetic activity from electrons and photons (showers) used in the MicroBooNE deep learning-based low energy electron search. The reconstruction algorithm uses a combination of traditional and deep learning-based techniques to estimate shower energies. We validate these predictions using two νμ-sourced data samples: charged/neutral current interactions with final state neutral pions and charged current interactions in which the muon stops and decays within the detector producing a Michel electron. Both the neutral pion sample and Michel electron sample demonstrate agreement between data and simulation. Further, the absolute shower energy scale is shown to be consistent with the relevant physical constant of each sample: the neutral pion mass peak and the Michel energy cutoff.

Updated search for $$ {B}_c^{+} $$ decays to two charm mesons

A data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment has been analysed to search for $$ {B}_c^{+}\to {D}_{(s)}^{\left(\ast \right)+}{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\left(\hbox{---} \right)}{D}}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ B c + → D s ∗ + — D ∗ 0 decays. The decays are fully or partially reconstructed, where one or two missing neutral pions or photons from the decay of an excited charm meson are allowed. Upper limits for the branching fractions, normalised to B+ decays to final states with similar topologies, are obtained for sixteen $$ {B}_c^{+} $$ B c + decay modes. For the decay $$ {B}_c^{+}\to {D}_s^{+}{\overline{D}}^0 $$ B c + → D s + D ¯ 0 , an excess with a significance of 3.4 standard deviations is found.

Measuring space-time properties of baryon resonances around 1 GeV using intensity correlations

We measured the Δ(1232) radius using Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) between two neutral pions from photo-production off a hydrogen/deuterium target at the incident photon energies around 1 GeV. The experiment was carried out at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH) in Tohoku University with a 4π electromagnetic calorimeter complex, named FOREST. For low-multiplicity BEC measurements, we developed an event mixing technique by introducing additional mixing constraints to delicately reduce the effect of other non-BEC correlations arising from global conservation law and resonance decays. In addition, a new BEC observing model was established to extract radius information from BEC effects in the presence of resonance decays.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE EXISTENCE OF CENTAURS - EVENTS IN COSMIC RAYS

One of the first exotic phenomena observed in the 80s of the last century was an event registered by a calorimetric type installation. In this event, an anomalous relationship was observed between charged and neutral hadrons, arising from the collision of a high-energy particle with a carbon nucleus. In accordance with the principle of isotopic invariance, the number of neutral pions should be equal to the number of charged pions. The event, which was recorded by Japanese physicists, contained only charged peonies with no neutral [1]. This event was named "Centaur". Until now, such events have not been observed in accelerator experiments. The article presents the results of searching for such events in experiments at the DESY HERA collider. For the candidates for Centaur events and for all other events, constructed distributions by the type of fitability of charged tracks in CTD. Since the absence of neutral particles in events is explained by methodological reasons, "Centaur" events were not detected in electron-proton interactions at the ZEUS facility.

Studying the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray source HESS J1841−055 with the MAGIC telescopes

ABSTRACT We investigate the physical nature and origin of the gamma-ray emission from the extended source HESS J1841−055 observed at TeV and GeV energies. We observed HESS J1841−055 at TeV energies for a total effective time of 43 h with the MAGIC telescopes, in 2012 and 2013. Additionally, we analysed the GeV counterpart making use of about 10 yr of Fermi-LAT data. Using both Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, we study both the spectral and energy-dependent morphology of the source for almost four decades of energy. The origin of the gamma-ray emission from this region is investigated using multiwaveband information on sources present in this region, suggested to be associated with this unidentified gamma-ray source. We find that the extended emission at GeV–TeV energies is best described by more than one source model. We also perform the first energy-dependent analysis of the HESS J1841−055 region at GeV–TeV. We find that the emission at lower energies comes from a diffuse or extended component, while the major contribution of gamma rays above 1 TeV arises from the southern part of the source. Moreover, we find that a significant curvature is present in the combined observed spectrum of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT. The first multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of this unidentified source shows that the emission at GeV–TeV energies can be well explained with both leptonic and hadronic models. For the leptonic scenario, bremsstrahlung is the dominant emission compared to inverse Compton. On the other hand, for the hadronic model, gamma-ray resulting from the decay of neutral pions (π0) can explain the observed spectrum. The presence of dense molecular clouds overlapping with HESS J1841−055 makes both bremsstrahlung and π0-decay processes the dominant emission mechanisms for the source.

Interplanetary shocks as a source of sustained gamma-ray emission from the Sun

<p>It has recently been shown that the sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun that lasts for hours beyond the impulsive phase of the associated flare is closely related to radio emission from interplanetary shocks (Gopalswamy et al. 2019, JPhCS, 1332, 012004, 2019). This relationship supports the idea that >300 MeV protons accelerated by CME-driven shocks propagate toward the Sun, collide with chromospheric protons and produce neutral pions that promptly decay into >80 MeV gamma-rays. There have been two challenges to this idea. (i) Since the location of the shock can be halfway between the Sun and Earth at the SGRE end time, it has been suggested that magnetic mirroring will not allow the high energy protons to precipitate. (ii) Lack of correlation between the number protons involved in the production of >100 MeV gamma-rays (Ng) and the number of protons (Nsep) in the associated solar energetic particle (SEP) event has been reported. In this paper, we show that the mirror ratio problem is no different from that in flare loops where electrons and protons precipitate to produce impulsive phase emissions. We also suggest that the lack of Ng – Nsep correlation is due to two reasons: (1) Nsep is underestimated in the case of eruptions happening at large ecliptic latitudes because the high-energy protons accelerated near the nose do not reach the observer. (2) In the case of limb events, the Ng is underestimated because gamma-rays from some part of the extended gamma-ray source do not reach the observer.</p>

Non-strange dibaryons studied in coherent double neutral-meson photoproduction on the deuteron

The B = 2 bound/resonance state (dibaryon) is an interesting object, which can be a molecule consisting of two baryons or a spatially compact hexaquark hadron object. The yd ^ n°n°d reaction has been experimentally investigated at incident energies ranging from 0.58 to 1.15 GeV to study non-strange dibaryons. The angular distributions of deuteron emission in the yd center-of-mass energy cannot be reproduced by quasi-free production of two neutral pions followed by deuteron coalescence. Additionally a 2.14-GeV peak is observed in the n°d invariant mass distribution. These suggest a sequential process such as yd ^ RIS ^ n°RIV ^ n°n°d with an isoscalar dibaryon RIS and an isovector dibaryon RIV. Since the mass of the observed isoscalar dibaryons are close to the sum of the nucleon (N) and nucleon resonance (N*) masses, an S-wave NN* molecule may play a role as a doorway to a dibaryon.