Research on Sports Training Action Image Recognition Based on SDN

Current image recognition methods cannot combine the transmission of image data with the interaction of image features, so the steps of image recognition are too independent, and the traditional methods take longer time and cannot complete the image denoising. Therefore, a recognition method of sports training action image based on software defined network (SDN) architecture is proposed. The SDN architecture is used to integrate the image data transmission and interactive process and to optimize the image processing centralization. The network architecture is composed of application layer, control layer, and infrastructure layer. Based on this, the dimension of image sample set is reduced, and the edge detection operator in any direction is constructed. The image edge filter is realized by calculating the response and threshold of image edge by using lag threshold and nonmaximum suppression (NMS). The Hough transform algorithm is improved to optimize the detection range. Extracting the neighborhood feature of sports training action, the recognition of sports training action image based on SDN architecture is completed. Simulation results show that the proposed method takes less time and the image denoising effect is better. In addition, the F1 test results of the proposed method are higher than those of the literature, and the convergence is better. Therefore, the performance of the proposed method is better.

The knowledge outcome of students majoring in physical and health education during the COVID-19 pandemic

The objective of this study was to identify the knowledge outcome of students majoring in physical and health education at Al-Balqa Applied University studying the principles of sports training, nutrition for athletes, and sports anatomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, where the curricula for the principles of sports training, the nutrition curriculum for athletes, and the sports anatomy curriculum were chosen, which were taught during the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021. In order to determine the degree of the knowledge outcome of the students, the study adopted the purposive sampling method in selecting the study sample. The students of physical and health education specialization at Al-Balqa Applied University were identified, where the sample consisted of 135 male and female students. The study concluded that the ratio of the total knowledge outcome to the knowledge outcome was at a moderate level with a percentage of 61.1, while it was low in the sports Anatomy curriculum 58.8. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the students of Princess Alia College, and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between males and females in the nutrition and sports anatomy domain, while there were statistically significant differences in favor of males in the principles of sports training domain. This study increased the depth of understanding of knowledge outcome during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas other studies were performed in normal non-stressful situations.

Relationships between Risk Events, Personality Traits and Risk Perception of Adolescent Athletes in Sports Training

Personality traits have close relationships with risky behaviors in various domains, including physical education, competition, and athletic training. It is yet little known about how trait personality dimensions associate with risk events and how vital factors, such as risk perception, could affect the happening of risk events in adolescent athletes. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of risk events by regression analysis with dimensions of personality, risk perception and sports, relations between risk events, risk perception, and the facets of the personality dimensions via data collecting from 664 adolescent athletes aged 13–18 years (male 364, female 300). Secondary intent is to assess school-specific levels of training risks among sports schools, regular schools, and sports and education integrated schools. The results show that psychology events are the strongest predicted by personality traits, risk perception, and sports, followed by injury and nutrition. Emotionality has the most significant positive correlation with risk events, while other traits have a significant negative correlation with risk events, except agreeableness. The integration schools are more conducive to the healthy development of adolescent athletes’ personalities. Moreover, the research indicates that sports training can strengthen the development directions of different personality characteristics.

Adaptation of The New Normal Sports Training Centering System

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the temporary suspension of the training centering system which has resulted in complex decisions relating to the continuation of training activities in accordance with existing circumstances. This paper aims to provide education and guidance in the implementation of regular exercise programs that must be realized as a solution to minimize the occurrence of COVID-19 transmission in the regular training process as well as provide understanding to the main sports branch management, coaches and athletes in carrying out regular training programs. This study uses a literature review method where the researcher conducts a series of studies by reviewing and analyzing various content and data, which involves various kinds of information related to the implementation of the training centering system in the new normal era. There are 4 key principles in the re-implementation of the training process on a regular basis or training camps, including preparation for resumption of training, criteria for training commencement, assessments and guidelines that serve as a reference for the implementation of training camps, as well as management and strategies for mitigating COVID-19 risks at training camps.

Center the Relationship between Self-Leadership Behaviors of Sports-Sports Training Specialists and Job Satisfaction Levels (An Example from Eastern Anatolia Region)

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-leadership behaviors and job satisfaction levels of Sports-Sports Training Specialists working in Provincial Directorates of Youth and Sports. The research population consists of 230 Sports-Sports Training Specialists working in the Provincial Directorates of Youth and Sports in the Eastern Anatolia Region. “Personal Information Form”, “Self-Leadership Questionnaire-SLQ” and “Job Satisfaction Scale” were used for data collection. 72.2% of the participants are male, 73.4% have an undergraduate degree and 64.6% are working in their institution on a contractual basis. There is a significant difference in favor of women between gender and the self-talk sub-dimension of the self-leadership scale. There was a significant difference between the working positions and the total score of the self-leadership scale and the sub-dimension of self-cueing in favor of permanent employees. There was a statistically significant difference between the job satisfaction scale and the sports training specialists having poor economic status. No positive relationship was found between self-leadership and job satisfaction. It has been concluded that female sports-sports training specialists are more focused on self-talk than males and this has an effect on self-leadership levels, but gender does not affect their job satisfaction levels. Permanent staff experts motivate themselves better and have a better sense of self-leadership than contracted experts. It has been determined that compared to their senior colleagues, newcomers to the profession are in an effort to reveal their self-leadership behaviors more in order to prove themselves in their institutions and to be successful.

Construction and Simulation of Athlete’s Wrong Action Recognition Model in Sports Training Based on Embedded Wireless Communication and Computer Vision

Embedded networking has a broad prospect. Because of the Internet and the rapid development of PC skills, computer vision technology has a wide range of applications in many fields, especially the importance of identifying wrong movements in sports training. To study the computer vision technology to identify the wrong movement of athletes in sports training, in this paper, a hidden Markov model based on computer vision technology is constructed to collect video and identify the landing and take-off movements and badminton serving movements of a team of athletes under the condition of sports training, Bayesian classification algorithm to analyze the acquired sports training action data, obtain the error frequency, and the number of errors of the landing jump action, and the three characteristic data of the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the body’s center of gravity of the athlete in the two cases of successful and incorrect badminton serve actions and compared and analyzed the accuracy of the action recognition method used in this article, the action recognition method based on deep learning and the action recognition method based on EMG signal under 30 experiments. The training process of deep learning is specifically split into two stages: 1st, a monolayer neuron is built layer by layer so that the network is trained one layer at a time; when all layers are fully trained, a tuning is performed using a wake-sleep operation. The final result shows that the frequency of the wrong actions of the athletes on the landing jump is concentrated in the knee valgus, the total frequency of error has reached 58%, and the frequency of personal error has reached 45%; the problem of the landing distance of the two feet of the team athletes also appeared more frequently, the total frequency reached 50%, and the personal frequency reached 30%. Therefore, athletes should pay more attention to the problems of knee valgus and the distance between feet when performing landing jumps; the difference in the displacement, speed, and acceleration of the body’s center of gravity during the badminton serve will affect the error of the action. And the action recognition method used in this study has certain advantages compared with the other two action recognition methods, and the accuracy of action recognition is higher.

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Table Tennis Trajectory Based on Digital Video Image Processing

Digital sports training based on digital video image processing promises to reduce the reliance on the experience of coaches in the table tennis training process and to achieve a more general physical education base. Based on this approach, this paper describes the specific forms of exercise content, movement characteristics, and skill levels in the table tennis framework and specifies the calculation methods of motion capture and movement characteristics suitable for table tennis. Meanwhile, to further improve the accuracy of the inertial motion capture system in restoring the position posture of the trainees, this paper improves the original inertial motion capture system from two aspects: contact judgment of both feet and correction of the position posture based on the contact position constraint. The simulation results show that the corrected human posture has good action smoothness. This paper first proposes a knowledge-based generic sports-assisted training framework based on generalizing the traditional sports training model. The framework contains four main modules: domain knowledge, trainees, sport evaluation, and controller. The domain knowledge module is a digital representation of the knowledge of the exercise content, improvement instructions, and skill indicators of the sport; the trainee module is the active response of the trainee to the exercise content and improvement instructions; the motion evaluation module uses motion capture technology to obtain the raw motion data of the trainee and further calculates the motion characteristics; the controller module proposes improvement instructions to the trainee or makes him/her practice new content based on the results of the motion evaluation. Based on the results of the motion evaluation, the controller module proposes improvement instructions or makes the trainee practice new content until the trainee achieves the desired goal.

Tertiary rehabilitation in acute ankle sprain caused by sports training

BACKGROUND: An ankle sprain is a common joint sprain in sports injury, which is closely related to its physiological position and anatomical characteristics, and may progress into chronic ankle instability after improper early treatment or premature exercise. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tertiary rehabilitation effect of acute lateral ankle sprain caused by sports training. METHOD: Ninety-six athletes with acute lateral ankle sprain diagnosed from January 2019 to June 2020 were included and divided into the control group and the rehabilitation group using the random number table grouping method, with 48 cases in each group. The two groups received standardized treatment, and the rehabilitation group additionally received tertiary rehabilitation. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS ) scores, degree of ankle swelling, pain, and re-injury rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The AOFAS scores of the two groups increased after treatment (P< 0.05). The degree of swelling in both groups after treatment was improved (P< 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores in both groups declined two weeks after treatment, with lower results observed in the rehabilitation group The two groups showed similar results of the follow-up visit (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation exercise on acute lateral ankle sprain effectively relieves ankle swelling and pain.

The Integrated - Operational Model of Managerial - Legislative - Sports Training of Specialists in the Field of Physical Culture

Currently, the organization of the interaction of higher education institutions and social partners, responds to the "modern challenges" of the information society and knowledge, determining the development trends of the vocational education system. The analysis, generalization and systematization of the literature, the study of modern pedagogical experience, made possible the determination of conceptual bases and approaches for building a pedagogical integrated - operational model of managerial - legislative - sports training of specialists in the field of physical culture and sports. The model is based on systemic approaches, individual activities and research of specialists, the principles and objectives being focused on inclusive skills training and on the orientation of professional training on motivational, value, cognitive and reflexive components. The pedagogical integrated - operational model of managerial - legislative - sports training involves a certain organization of the educational process and the creation of individual or group pedagogical conditions for professional development focused on ways to solve problems identified in professional context, as well as focusing on creative achievement and innovation of professional activities. The professional training of future specialists in the field is focused on an internal process (because a person can acquire skills or learn through his own activity) and an external process (by creating adequate informational and educational conditions). In order to design the integrated - operational model of managerial - legislative - sports training of future specialists in the field, it was important to determine the essence of professional training, its place in the professional development of the personality of a specialist in the field and to identify factors influencing this process.