ZC3HC1 is a structural element of the nuclear basket effecting interlinkage of TPR polypeptides

The nuclear basket (NB), anchored to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), is commonly thought of as built solely of protein TPR polypeptides, the latter thus regarded as the NB's only scaffold-forming components. In the current study, we report ZC3HC1 as a second building element of the NB. Recently described as an NB-appended protein omnipresent in vertebrates, we now show that ZC3HC1, both in vivo and in vitro, enables in a step-wise fashion the recruitment of TPR subpopulations to the NB and their linkage to already NPC-anchored TPR polypeptides. We further demonstrate that the degron-mediated rapid elimination of ZC3HC1 results in the prompt detachment of the ZC3HC1-appended TPR polypeptides from the NB and their release back into the nucleoplasm again, underscoring the role of ZC3HC1 as a natural structural element of the NB. Finally, we show that ZC3HC1 can keep TPR polypeptides positioned even at sites remote from the NB, in line with ZC3HC1 functioning as a protein connecting TPR polypeptides.

The Pallet Paradigm: A New Beginning for Pallet Architecture

<p>Timber pallets are too often discarded as waste after their shipping lives. If not rescued for upcycling pallets end up in landfills or burnt for firewood which can release harmful chemicals. There is an opportunity in this resource going beyond current design use to foster a more authentic pallet architecture – one where pallets are utilised to their module’s full potential as a primary and structural building element. This thesis explores to what extent pallets can be utilised in construction and determines their feasibility as structural entities. The themes of modularity and transportability act as key design drivers due to being inherent to the pallets nature. A construction system which effectively uses this nature is the aim, and designed systems are tested through application to the design of mobile architecture. The final outcome of this exploration is a full scale pallet pavilion utilising a modular – authentic – system which enables an easily portable and structural solution. However the application of similar systems to a larger scale is limited as pallets with consistent module and high strength are rare difficult to source. A new pallet design is proposed with inherent application as a building component. This design aims to be a highly precise modular and structural system as its primary function, allowing for universal use as wall, roof and floor. The central purpose of exploration is to create high quality, affordable, efficient and adaptable prefabricated dwellings from an otherwise discarded item – this is the potential for the research in future. If the ‘building pallet’ design was integrated into circulation the impact and application on construction from upcycling them into prefabricated building elements could be worldwide.</p>

The Pallet Paradigm: A New Beginning for Pallet Architecture

<p>Timber pallets are too often discarded as waste after their shipping lives. If not rescued for upcycling pallets end up in landfills or burnt for firewood which can release harmful chemicals. There is an opportunity in this resource going beyond current design use to foster a more authentic pallet architecture – one where pallets are utilised to their module’s full potential as a primary and structural building element. This thesis explores to what extent pallets can be utilised in construction and determines their feasibility as structural entities. The themes of modularity and transportability act as key design drivers due to being inherent to the pallets nature. A construction system which effectively uses this nature is the aim, and designed systems are tested through application to the design of mobile architecture. The final outcome of this exploration is a full scale pallet pavilion utilising a modular – authentic – system which enables an easily portable and structural solution. However the application of similar systems to a larger scale is limited as pallets with consistent module and high strength are rare difficult to source. A new pallet design is proposed with inherent application as a building component. This design aims to be a highly precise modular and structural system as its primary function, allowing for universal use as wall, roof and floor. The central purpose of exploration is to create high quality, affordable, efficient and adaptable prefabricated dwellings from an otherwise discarded item – this is the potential for the research in future. If the ‘building pallet’ design was integrated into circulation the impact and application on construction from upcycling them into prefabricated building elements could be worldwide.</p>

Performance and Permeability: An investigation of the Mashrabiya for Use within the Gibson Desert

<p>This study investigates a traditional Middle Eastern building element, the mashrabiya, and looks at the potential application of this device within the contemporary context of the Giles Weather Station in the Gibson Desert of Australia. The mashrabiya is a carved wooden screen used to control the fierce desert conditions of the Middle East. It created conditions of comfort within an extreme climate but is no longer prescribed due to the restrictive economic constraints involved with its construction. The research firstly considered the history of the mashrabiya and its various roles within the traditional Middle Eastern dwelling and then applied contemporary fabrication and design processes to its construction. The use of a CNC mill to construct the screen revealed new variables and opportunities for their manipulation, thereby providing for new design possibilities which transform the way in which it controls the desert conditions. The result was substantial improvements in cost, performance and versatility of the screen. Due to this program of research the mashrabiya was able to be applied to the Giles Weather Station in a much more ambitious manner than would otherwise have been possible. As a result of this the weather station aims to be architecturally unique, both in appearance and in functional performance.</p>

Performance and Permeability: An investigation of the Mashrabiya for Use within the Gibson Desert

<p>This study investigates a traditional Middle Eastern building element, the mashrabiya, and looks at the potential application of this device within the contemporary context of the Giles Weather Station in the Gibson Desert of Australia. The mashrabiya is a carved wooden screen used to control the fierce desert conditions of the Middle East. It created conditions of comfort within an extreme climate but is no longer prescribed due to the restrictive economic constraints involved with its construction. The research firstly considered the history of the mashrabiya and its various roles within the traditional Middle Eastern dwelling and then applied contemporary fabrication and design processes to its construction. The use of a CNC mill to construct the screen revealed new variables and opportunities for their manipulation, thereby providing for new design possibilities which transform the way in which it controls the desert conditions. The result was substantial improvements in cost, performance and versatility of the screen. Due to this program of research the mashrabiya was able to be applied to the Giles Weather Station in a much more ambitious manner than would otherwise have been possible. As a result of this the weather station aims to be architecturally unique, both in appearance and in functional performance.</p>

DIAGNOSING TIMBER DEFECTS IN TRADITIONAL MALAY HOUSE: A CASE STUDY OF TOK ABU BAKAR ALANG KETAK (TABAK)

Timber traditional houses can bring a significant image of Malaysian built environment heritage. Indeed, it is one of the most valuable treasures that must be sustained for future global reference thus, the building owner and the professional must undertake the responsibility to ensure that these assets are in good condition and safe for its occupants. This paper aims to identify the nature of timber defects that occurred in Tok Abu Bakar Alang Ketak House. Two research objectives had been established (i) to identify the types of timber defects and (ii) to determine the causes of the occurrence of the defects. A mixed-method approach was adopted. The building inspection was carried out from the external to the internal of the building through a grid number from the building plan. All timber defects for each building element were recorded in the conditional survey form. The data were analysed using frequency analysis to measure the frequency of the defects occurring. The findings suggest that with a proper methodology in place, there is much that can be learned from studying the cause of the defect. It will provide some insights to the owner/caretaker in planning to repair for replacement work in order to sustain the house.

LOOP ANTENNA WITH A SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT

Представлены результаты исследований рамочной антенны, в которой подстроечным элементом является фоторезистор, управляемый лазерным излучением. Показано, что использование фоторезистора как элемента внешнего контура рамочной антенны, включенного последовательно, позволяет изменять согласование рамочной антенны с помощью внешнего лазерного источника. Представлены результаты исследований характеристик коэффициента передачи рамочных антенн, состоящих из медной фольги на диэлектрической основе и полупроводникового элемента. Установлено, что при изменении интенсивности лазерного излучения, падающего на полупроводниковый элемент-фоторезистор, изменяется коэффициент отражения рамочной антенны. В диапазоне от 10 МГц до 18ГГц получены зависимости коэффициентов отражения (Su)рамочных антенн с полупроводниковым элементом. Проведено сравнение рамочной антенны и рамочной антенны с фоторезистором. The results of an experiment with a loop antenna, in which the building element is a photoresistor controlled by laser radiation, are presented. It is shown that the use of a photoresistor as an element of the external contour of a loop antenna connected in series makes it possible to change the matching of the loop antenna due to an external laser source. The results of studies of the characteristics of the transmission coefficient of loop antennas consisting of a dielectric copper foil and a semiconductor element are presented. It was found that when the intensity of the laser radiation incident on the semiconductor element-photoresistor changes, the reflection coefficient of the frame antenna changes. In the range of 10 MHz-18 GHz, the dependences of the reflection coefficients (S11) of loop antennas with a semiconductor element are obtained. A comparison is made between a loop antenna and a loop antenna with a photoresistor.

Research on Supplier Selection of Prefabricated Building Elements from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

Prefabricated building is an efficient building mode. Compared with the traditional building mode, the prefabricated building has advantages of less pollution, high construction efficiency, being more labor-saving, and economy, which is in line with China’s sustainable development strategy. This paper proposes a supplier selection evaluation model based on the mechanism equation model (SEM) and intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP). Based on a detailed literature review, 300 structured questionnaires were distributed to the relevant enterprises, and an evaluation index system of prefabricated building element suppliers was built. With the fitting and modification process using a structural equation model, and assist of a path factor, an evaluation index system for evaluating the prefabricated building element suppliers was finally obtained. Finally, the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was used to establish a selection model of prefabricated element suppliers, and the prefabricated element suppliers of Shuangyashan prefabricated construction projects were analyzed as a case study. The results show that the following factors have the most significant impact on supplier selection (from high to low): quality, economy, long-term cooperation, after-sales, and transportation. This study had a comprehensive consideration of the influencing factors existing in the whole selection process and should provide a valuable reference for the sustainable development of prefabricated construction engineering.

STRESS - STRAIN STATE OF THE LOCAL AREA IN THE BUILDING ELEMENT WITH STRUCTURAL DEFECT

Evaluation of the building element technical state relies on verification calculations using estimated construction material properties. Physical and mechanical properties are estimated predominately by using non-destructive test methods. The accuracy of these methods is affected by the level of stress-strain state of the structural element and present structural defects. The variability of the concrete properties over time under constant loads is a determining factor for the durability and reliability of the structural element. The influence of the physical and mechanical characteristics of a construction material on the deformation process of the local area of the structural element adjacent to the structural defect has been investigated. The research has been performed on structural models using software systems "LIRA SAPR" and "SOLIDWORKS". A structural model having dimensions of 100 x 100 x 400 mm was used for the study. Materials of concrete grades C12/15 through C25/30 with corresponding properties have been used. Load parameters for modeling of the deformation process varied from 0.1 to 0.5 of the ultimate loads. Performed calculations made it possible to obtain fields of stress, deformation and displacement under different model parameters and stress levels.

On-Site BIM-Enabled Augmented Reality for Construction

We describe a prototype system for communicating building information and models directly to on-site general contractors and subcontractors. The system, developed by SHoP Architects, consists of a workflow of pre-processing information within Revit, post-processing information outside of Revit, combining data flows inside of a custom application built on top of Unity Reflect, and delivering the information through a mobile application on site with an intuitive user interface. This system incorporates augmented reality in combination with a dashboard of documentation views categorized by building element.