A Comparison of the Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training Protocols on Serum Irisin Level and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Sedentary Obese Women

Introduction. Studies have revealed that the anabolic effect of irisin on bone is mediated by an increase in alkaline phosphatase. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effect of irisin on alkaline phosphatase after exercise training. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the impact of endurance and resistance training protocols on serum irisin concentration and total alkaline phosphatase activity in sedentary obese women. Material and methods. Forty-five sedentary obese women (age: 48.96 ± 5.2 years, body mass index 32.24 ± 3.76 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to control, endurance, and resistance groups. Endurance (45 to 75 minutes at an intensity corresponding to 50 to 80% of heart rate reserve) and resistance exercise training (3 sets, 10-15 repetitions at an intensity corresponding to 50 to 65% of one-repetition maximum) were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 days per week. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was estimated using the modified Bruce protocol treadmill test. Fasting blood samples were taken before the first and 48-hr after the last exercise training sessions. The serum concentrations of irisin and total alkaline phosphatase activity were measured using the sandwich ELISA method and photo-metric method, respectively. Results. Both endurance and resistance exercise training protocols caused a significant reduction in BMI and BFP of obese women. In contrast, VO2max significantly increased after both exercise training protocols. However, neither endurance nor resistance training protocols had a significant impact on the serum concentrations of irisin and total alkaline phosphatase activity. No significant inter-group differences were observed between the subjects’ BMI, BFP, VO2max, total alkaline phosphatase, and irisin at the end of protocols. Conclusions. The finding of the current study revealed that neither of the training protocols had a significant impact on bone anabolic parameters. However, performing these types of exercise is suggested for weight management in obese women.

Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Water of Rusalka Lake in the City of Szczecin

The progress of civilizations causes changes in the water catchment areas lakes; aquatic waters are order - phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Level of activity alkaline phosphatase (APA) has an important impact on the chemical and biological processes taking place in the aquatic environment. APA belongs to a group of indicators, who tells us about the extent limitations to development of biomass in the tank water. Water of Rusalka lake were the subjects of 2008-2012 (July – September). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the water and in the bottom sediment, occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August).

Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Water in the Miedwie Lake (North-West Poland) on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

Water in the Miedwie Lake were the subjects of a five-year study (2008-2010). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. The study on the water demonstrated that the top sublittoral layer (1 m) featured the highest alkaline phosphatase activity among all the analyzed zones. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the water occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August). Basing on this parameter no increase in eutrophication process in the Miedwie Lake was determined in the course of a 3-year study.

Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Water of Szmaragdowe Lake in the City of Szczecin in Poland

The progress of civilisations causes changes in the water catchment areas lakes; aquatic waters are order - phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Level of activity alkaline phosphatase (APA) has an important impact on the chemical and biological processes taking place in the aquatic environment. APA belongs to a group of indicators, who tells us about the extent limitations to development of biomass in the tank water. Water of Szmaragdowe lake were the subjects of 2008-2012 (July – September). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphataseactivity, both in the water and in the bottom sediment, occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August). The results presented in in tables 1 to 5 demonstrate that total alkaline phosphatase activity in the waters of Szmaragdowe lake over the five-year period of study oscillated between 242,3 to 642,1 nmol PO4·dm–3·h–1. The oscillation range in both zones of the analyzed water body was similar. In the littoral it ranged from 312,3 to 642,1 nmol PO4·dm–3·h–1, and in sublittoral from 242,3 to 536,9 nmol PO4·dm–3·h–1.

Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Bottom Sediments of Szmaragdowe Lake in the City of Szczecin (North-West Poland)

Level of activity alkaline phosphatase (APA) has an important impact on the chemical and biological processes taking place in the aquatic environment. APA belongs to a group of indicators, who tells us about the extent limitations to development of biomass in the tank water. Water of Szmaragdowe lake were the subjects of 2008-2012 (July – September). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the bottom sediment, occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August). Total alkaline phosphatase activity in the bottom sediment of Szmaragdowe lake over the five-year period of study oscillated between 764.1 to 7938.7 nmol PO4·dm–3·h–1. In the littoral it ranged from 3107.4 to 7938.7 nmol PO4·dm–3·h–1, and in sublittoral from 764.1 to 3429.5 nmol PO4·dm–3·h–1.

Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Bottom Sediments of Rusalka Lake in the City of Szczecin

Have studied lake close to neutral pH 7.75 to 7.62. Aquatic waters are order - phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Level of activity alkaline phosphatase (APA) has an important impact on the chemical and biological processes taking place in the aquatic environment. APA belongs to a group of indicators, who tells us about the extent limitations to development of biomass in the tank water. Water of Rusalka lake were the subjects of 2008-2012 (July – September). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the bottom sediment, occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August).