The Feeling of an Idea

Unlike the other sections in this book, Part IV presents a mix of exercise types: some require musical instruments; some are to be done only in the imagination; some are acted aloud; some are for groups; others may be done by an individual. These exercises belong together because they all explore creativity and imagination in terms of dreaming and thinking. This concept is first examined at the start of the chapter in an essay exploring analytical and intuitive thought and what it might mean to understand music, and then in the series of exercises designed to amplify those ideas. The exercises include experiments with conscious dreaming (or directed daydreaming) and deliberation, comparing these approaches, and looking for balance. The balance of dreaming and thinking—including improvisation vs. composition as well as talking spontaneously vs. editing—is at the heart of this series of explorations.

The evolution of music as artistic cultural innovation expressing intuitive thought symbolically

Music is an artistic cultural innovation, and therefore it may be considered as intuitive thought expressed in symbols, which can efficiently convey multiple meanings in learning, thinking, and transmission, selected for and passed on through cultural evolution. The symbolic system has personal adaptive benefits besides social ones, which should not be overlooked even if music may tend more to the latter.

Heuristics and Eidetic in the Phenomenology of Culture

Eidetic abstractions based upon individuation together with heuristic programs for the examination of conjectures are the forms of intentional reflection developed within the intuitive thought. The initial point of such development is parcellation of cultural texts that is to be marked where the introduced relation “the whole – the parts” passes further to the relation “the inner – the outer” and “text – epoch” with the principle of subjective activity and the inner textual transformation in reflection that gain importance. It is textual spatial and temporal structure where eidetic and heuristic elements come into interaction most effectively; in particular, the construction of depth in a pictorial plane serves as the model for the cognition of historical reality that cannot be observed immediately. The model of labyrinth in which frames of the heuristic searches are displayed determines their procedures as the sequence of alternative choices where the continuous correction of hypotheses takes place. The premises for the development of heuristic programs are those of ambiguity and indefiniteness of eidetic images together with the self-denial of the automatism of rhetoric conventions. It is due to heuristics that the prototypes for textual eidetic images are to be found. Prototypes function as the eidetic abstractions of personal characters addressed to scenic interpretation. Textual cyclic structure builds up the necessary condition for the disclosure and mediation of distance between the text and history, from closed episodes to the epoch.

The Lingering Effects of Tobacco Control Advertising

In commercial market research, “pulsing” advertising is found to be more cost-effective than placing advertisements continuously. However, the benefits of pulsing policy in social marketing have rarely been tested. This study explores the lingering effect of tobacco control advertising. If the effects of tobacco control advertisements linger beyond the time they are on-air, this would provide a theoretical basis for using pulsing policy in tobacco control campaigns. This study analyzed responses from two independent samples of smokers and recent quitters, where respondents reported whether they were exposed to any tobacco control advertising in the last week. Sample 1 was cross-sectional ( n = 3,106), and Sample 2 followed a self-refreshed panel methodology where 846 participants were interviewed for up to 6 times (3,120 interviews). Both studies used the same survey instrument and were in field concurrently. Eighty percent of Sample 1 reported recent exposure to advertising. This was strikingly similar to the response from Sample 2 recorded at their first interview (81%). However, panel members’ self-reported exposure to campaigns decreased at each subsequent interview (approximately a fortnight apart) and eventually reached 56% at the sixth interview. Building on the premises of priming theory, the first response from each Sample 2 respondent represented his or her intuitive thought—a result of the lingering effect of advertising. The drop in recall over time could be due to respondents self-correcting their responses after being primed in the previous surveys. Our findings suggest the effects of tobacco control campaigns linger and support the use of pulsing policy in tobacco control advertising.