Inter-Brain Synchronization During Sandplay Therapy: Individual Analyses

Interactions between the client (Cl) and therapist (Th) evolve therapeutic relationships in psychotherapy. An interpersonal link or therapeutic space is implicitly developed, wherein certain important elements are expressed and shared. However, neural basis of psychotherapy, especially of non-verbal modalities, have scarcely been explored. Therefore, we examined the neural backgrounds of such therapeutic alliances during sandplay, a powerful art/play therapy technique. Real-time and simultaneous measurement of hemodynamics was conducted in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Cl-Th pairs participating in sandplay and subsequent interview sessions through multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. As sandplay is highly individualized, and no two sessions and products (sandtrays) are the same, we expected variation in interactive patterns in the Cl–Th pairs. Nevertheless, we observed a statistically significant correlation between the spatio-temporal patterns in signals produced by the homologous regions of the brains. During the sandplay condition, significant correlations were obtained in the lateral PFC and frontopolar (FP) regions in the real Cl-Th pairs. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed in the FP region for the interview condition. The correlations found in our study were explained as a “remote” synchronization (i.e., unconnected peripheral oscillators synchronizing through a hub maintaining free desynchronized dynamics) between two subjects in a pair, possibly representing the neural foundation of empathy, which arises commonly in sandplay therapy (ST).

Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors’ core workplace needs: a qualitative study of internal medicine trainees in Scotland

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the workplace core needs of internal medicine (IM) trainees in Scotland.DesignThis qualitative study used an observational approach of interprofessional workshops combined with subsequent individual interviews with IM trainees. Workshops and interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed utilising NVivo software. Template analysis was used with the Autonomy/control, Belonging and Competence (ABC) of doctors’ core needs outlined in the 2019 General Medical Council report Caring for doctors, caring for patients as a conceptual lens for the study.SettingThe national IM boot camp in Scotland includes a 2-hour interprofessional workshop which is trainee led and explores current challenges in the workplace, including the impact of the pandemic on such relationships.ParticipantsTwelve workshops, involving 72 trainees, were included with ten trainees taking part in the subsequent interview process. Trainees representing all four regions in Scotland were involved.ResultsTrainees described all core needs having been impacted by the pandemic. They described a loss of autonomy with emergency rotas but also through a pervasive sense of uncertainty. The data revealed that work conditions improved initially with additional resources which have since been removed in some areas, affecting trainees’ sense of value. Analysis found that belonging was affected positively in terms of increased camaraderie but also challenged through inability to socialise. There were concerns regarding developing competence due to a lack of teaching opportunities.ConclusionsUsing the ABC of doctor’s core needs as a conceptual framework for this study highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all domains for IM trainees in Scotland. It has highlighted an opportunity to foster the renewed sense of camaraderie among healthcare teams, while rebuilding work conditions to support autonomy and competence.

Video-stimulated recall som datainnsamlingsmetode

This chapter aims to present the data collection method video-stimulated recall (VSR) by describing what the method entails, what kind of data it can provide, and how it can be carried out in qualitative research. The method is based on video observation with a subsequent interview, where video sequences from natural situations are used to support reflections and dialogue. The focus will be on opportunities and the types of data the method provides access to and will simultaneously shed light on methodological considerations related to the method’s use. VSR is an advanced interview technique based on video observation with a subsequent interview. Selected sequences from the original situation are used to support the informant’s recall of thoughts in, and reflection on, the situation. The method has taken different forms based on different research interests in different research contexts. There is, therefore, no straightforward procedure or template for how to conduct a stimulated recall study. By presenting a detailed description of the data collection process as it was carried out in one project, the chapter seeks to understand the data collection method. A selection of empirical data will be presented to exemplify the types of data this approach can provide.

Living beyond cancer: Adolescent and young adult perspectives on choice of and participation in meaningful occupational roles

Introduction Whilst it is recognised that cancer may present numerous challenges for the adolescent or young adult during treatment, experiences after this stage as the young person transitions to life without cancer have received little attention. The purpose of this study is to understand the implications of having survived cancer for the young person’s choice of, and participation in, meaningful occupational roles. Method In this qualitative descriptive study, four participants were interviewed on two occasions using semi-structured interviews, with the subsequent interview supplemented with photo elicitation. Participants were male and female, aged 19 and 24 years, and medically cleared of (living beyond) cancer. Thematic analysis was used. Results Three main themes emerged: changes in relationships; moving beyond; and future perspectives. Adolescents and young adults identified the impact of the cancer experience on interpersonal relationships and related occupational roles (for example parenthood), and described how cancer affected their participation in, and the meaning of, occupational roles, and altered present and future occupational priorities. Conclusion Having cancer as an adolescent or young adult has lasting impacts on occupational roles. Understanding the opportunities and challenges this population may face when living beyond cancer can assist in providing enhanced age-aware occupational therapy, potentially optimising outcomes for young people.

The politics of stuckness: Waiting lives in mobile worlds

This paper develops our geographical understanding of the gendered politics of (im)mobility by exploring the hidden politics of waiting experienced by some mobile working households. Reflecting on qualitative fieldwork with female partners of mobile workers in Australia who remain at home, we explain how ‘stuckness’ is a specific form of waiting that highlights a power-geometry where their immobility is exacerbated by the mobility of their partner. Its key contribution is to spotlight an overlooked durational aspect to immobility which supplements a previous focus on spatial immobility. Taking the self-governing activity of emotion management as our point of departure, we draw on qualitative interviews to highlight the multiple ways that our female participants become focused on short-term processes of getting by, leaving them stuck in the present. A more extensive immersion into the lifeworld of one woman through a photo diary and subsequent interview draws attention to the more passive, insidiously listless dimensions of stuckness which can compromise wellbeing for mobile worker partners.

Jessica Hahn and Pentecostal Silence on Sexual Abuse

In 1980 Jessica Hahn was sexually assaulted by two pentecostal preachers, one of whom was one of the most famous televangelists of the time. Her experience reveals why our current dialogue about powerful men and the reluctance of survivors to come forward applies just as much to Pentecostals, and evangelicals more broadly, as anyone else. For nearly seven years Hahn was pressured into silence. When her story became the center of a national scandal in 1987, she faced unrelenting scorn in the press and silence from the church. Thirty years later she has retreated into obscurity while her most famous assailant, Jim Bakker, is still on television, preaching the gospel. Building on research for the recently published PTL: The Rise and Fall of Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker’s Evangelical Empire and from a subsequent interview with Hahn, this essay challenges Pentecostals to re-examine her story, as a necessary step in responding to the #MeToo movement.

O5C.1 The NZ vietnam veteran family study: a multi-generational perspective on health and wellbeing

BackgroundThe serious impact of Vietnam service on New Zealand veterans arose from high levels of combat experience and exposure to chemical agents including Agent Orange. In 2009, we assembled a cohort of 2783 men and 23 women Vietnam veterans. They had significantly increased risks of head and neck cancer and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, with high rates of hospitalisation for renal failure and drug and alcohol problems. Overseas data indicates that families have been affected by relationship difficulties, with subsequent risks of adverse psychological outcomes in children. There have been few longitudinal studies which include a comprehensive exposure assessment (the exposome) and include both veteran and family, which is what we propose.Study populationUsing the cohort data, the electoral roll and an information campaign, we will recruit veterans, their spouses and their children for follow up. For all groups, we will obtain data to inform the general exposome through a base-line health survey using some of the brief measures deployed in our ‘contemporary veterans’ study, including the Post Traumatic Checklist (Civilian or military) for PTSD, and the Brief Family Relationship Scale exposure history.The specific exposome, including chemicals and ‘other’ specific exposures, will be recorded by on-line questionnaire and subsequent interview.Effects will be assessed through linkage to the Birth Defects Register, Mortality Collection, routine datasets for hospital discharge, and the Cancer Registry, using comparisons with national rates where appropriate. Most importantly, permission will be sought to flag individuals at the Cancer Registry, with access to blood or tissue samples facilitating the identification of genomic ‘effect biomarkers’. We hope that the method will be extended to other cohorts and for future deployments.

Applying constrained virtual environments to serious games for heritage

Virtual environments are an important aspect of serious games for heritage. However navigable three-dimensional (3D) environments can be costly and resource-intensive to create and for users to run. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach using “constrained virtual environments”, which present an environment through a series of reduced fidelity two-dimensional (2D) scenes without exhaustive detail. We describe the development of a constrained virtual environment to replicate a 3D environment from a serious game concerning ancient Mesopotamian history. An exploratory experiment discovered that participants experienced a similar sense of presence in the constrained environment to that of the 3D environment and rated the two games to be of similar quality. Participants were equally likely to pursue further information on the subject matter afterwards and collected more information tokens from within the constrained environment. A subsequent interview with a museum expert explored opportunities for such games to be implemented in museum displays, and based on the experiences and issues encountered, a preliminary set of guidelines was compiled for implementing future constrained virtual environments within serious games for heritage.

The spatial value of local houses around Islamic Boarding School in Mlangi Moslem settlements, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Many houses around Mlangi Muslim settlement refer to the historical aspect of settlement in its spatial layout as the Moslem settlements. Mlangi well known as Kampung Santri - village with many of Islamic Boarding Schools (Pondok Pesantren in Indonesia term) where students live in there- since 1920an. This paper will describe how the spatial value of local houses around Islamic Boarding Schools in Mlangi Moslem settlements. The naturalistic-phenomenology method was the research method for data collection. Data got from subsequent interview after the appearance theme from one research object to the next. Any argument that correlated with the spatial value grouped as the same theme and analyzed as the substantive concept about the spatial value in the houses. The room layout from each home drawn one by one as the existing condition and the value of the room got from the comments of the owner. Cross-checking information technic from the members in the house helped the research to mention many spatial values in-house and then conclude as the room concept and its correlation to the stigma as the Kampung Santri and Moslem Settlements. It also compares the similarity of the indoor room layout and zone in Pondok Pesantren. From existing condition and interviews found that all the houses have the similar function and room layout with the Pondok Pesantren around it. 6 observed houses and 15 interviewed owners stated that they want to make their house as the places and spaces for teaching holy Al Qur'an same like in Pondok Pesantren. That is like a dream come true if a house can hold any recitation and teach holy Al Qur'an and Islamic Knowledge to the neighbor. From this condition, researchers conclude that there is close relation about the significance building in one settlement to their neighbor building, not only in the activity in each house but also in room layout and zone. Religious value and people understanding and dream about the ideal space even get impact from it.

Reflections on Using Participant-Generated, Digital Photo-Elicitation in Research With Young Canadians About Their First Part-Time Jobs

Participant-generated photo-elicitation usually involves inviting participants to take photographs, which are then discussed during a subsequent interview or in a focus group. This approach can provide participants with the opportunity to bring their own content and interests into research. Following other child and youth researchers, we were drawn to the potential of participant-generated photo-elicitation to offer a methodological counterweight to existing inequalities between adult researchers and younger participants. In this article, we reflect on our use of one-on-one, participant-generated photo-elicitation interviews in a Canadian-based research project looking at young people’s earliest paid work. We discuss some of the challenges faced when it came to gaining institutional ethics approval and also report on how the method was unexpectedly but productively altered by participants’ use of publicly accessible Internet images to convey aspects of their work. Overall, we conclude that participant-generated photo-elicitation democratized the research process and deepened our insights into young people’s early work and offer some recommendations for future photo-elicitation research.