CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCE OF OAK BAR ORDINARY (EMERGENCY) (QUERCUS ROBUR L, BEECH FAMILY - FAGACCAC) (MESSAGE III - CHLOROFORM EXTRACT)

This report presents the results of chromatography-mass spectrometry of a chloroform extract obtained after preliminary sequential exhaustive extraction of the bark of ordinary oak (petiole) n-hexane and toluene. The purpose of the study is to significantly expand the range of compounds that determine the composition of the organic matter of the bark of ordinary oak (petiole). Materials and research methods. The dried raw material is ground to a powder in a porcelain laboratory mill, which is then subjected to exhaustive sequential extraction with n-hexane and toluene at boiling points. Then, the solid residue was dried to constant weight in a vacuum oven, and then extraction was carried out with chloroform at its boiling point. Extraction with chloroform was completed when the refractive index was reached equal to its initial value, after which chloroform was distilled off in a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain a dark brown oily residue. Thus, we can conclude that the pharmacological effect of the chloroform extract of ordinary oak bark (petiolate) will be determined by the presence of significant amounts of sterols, hydrocarbons, which are dominated by arenes, alkenes and cycloalkanes, esters formed mainly by dicarboxylic acid (Oxalic acid).

Foams as carrier systems for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

Foams are becoming more and popular in several areas of our lives, including pharmaceutics and cosmetics. They are colloid systems where gas is dispersed in liquid phase Active ingredient bearing pharmaceutical foams are traditionally applied topically (dermal, local rectal, vaginal), but formulations for other delivery routes (e.g. nanosystems parenterally, solid foams orally) are also available. Numerous advantages are attached to foams when compared to traditional vehicles, resulting in increased patient compliance. Amongst others, the suitable composition contributes to quick, oily residue‑free and convenient application even on large or hairy areas, as well as to good drug transfer rate.

Extraction of Oleic Acid from Moroccan Olive Mill Wastewater

The production of olive oil in Morocco has recently grown considerably for its economic and nutritional importance favored by the country’s climate. After the extraction of olive oil by pressing or centrifuging, the obtained liquid contains oil and vegetation water which is subsequently separated by decanting or centrifugation. Despite its treatment throughout the extraction process, this olive mill wastewater, OMW, still contains a very important oily residue, always regarded as a rejection. The separated oil from OMW can not be intended for food because of its high acidity of 3.397% which exceeds the international standard for human consumption defined by the standard of the Codex Alimentarius, proving its poor quality. This work gives value addition to what would normally be regarded as waste by the extraction of oleic acid as a high value product, using the technique of inclusion with urea for the elimination of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids through four successive crystallizations at 4°C and 20°C to have a final phase with oleic acid purity of 95.49%, as a biodegradable soap and a high quality glycerin will be produced by the reaction of saponification and transesterification.

Boom Days in Appliance City

Packing Insulation Was Mike Patrick’s first job at Midwest Manufacturing. He was one of 300 men, mostly young, hired in January 1959 to help Admiral, a Chicago-based company that owned the Galesburg factory, meet America’s seemingly insatiable postwar appetite for appliances. He had failed an eye test during the nurse’s exam at the factory and had to get glasses before he started. Patrick had suspected he needed glasses because he always had trouble see­ing the chalkboard from the back of the room in high school. But because he was an athlete, he didn’t want to tie glasses around his head during basketball games. New hires got the nastiest, most grueling jobs, and stuffing insulation— which was like prickly cotton candy—into bare metal cabinets was one of them. The cabinets came from the metal-cutting area of the factory known as the “black line,” because the steel, darkened with oil, hadn’t yet been painted. The black line was the birthplace of these early Admiral refrigerators. Flatbed semis unloaded massive rolls of thick steel from Chicago—the plant used 10 rolls a day, 50 million pounds a year—that cutters and folding machines would shape into five sides. Gun welders then joined what would become the back, the two sides, and the top and bottom of the refrigerator. They left the door for later. The fused steel cabinet dangled from an overhead conveyor as it rode to the paint shop to be cleaned of its oily residue and painted. It would continue on the conveyor to a cabinet bank, where the empty cabinets gathered until they were needed on the line. When the scheduler called for them, men would slide the cabinets to the line across a concrete floor, which had been treated with a smooth, protective coating to prevent damage. A young man then spread scalding, gooey tar into the corners and up and down the creases of the bare metal cabinets. He shot the tar out of a pistol-gripped nozzle attached to a long canvas hose that he snaked in and around the metal shell.

Single-Use Acupuncture Needles: Scanning Electron-Microscopy of Needle-Tips

Unselected, disposable acupuncture needles from various manufacturers and retail suppliers were taken from a pool of donated and bought samples. Three needles of each type were prepared for electron-microscopy. The needle tips were inspected at two magnifications (x39.37 and x612.5): 52 electron-micrographs were taken of 31 individual needles from 11 different types. No needle-tip looked perfect and significant faults were seen in most; some appeared seriously deformed. The faults noted were: scratch marks along or across the needle, metallic scuff, lumps and irregularities in the needle surface, needle-tip stubbed or malformed, and needle point off-centre. An additional test made was to wipe a number of needles firmly on white paper tissue. Some left grey lines, and these were regarded as evidence of metallic or oily residue from the needle surface which could have been deposited in the patient. These unexpected findings, in a variety of popularly used needles from well-respected suppliers, suggest that most manufacturers need to reassess their quality control procedures.

Radioimmunoassay of Oxfendazole in Sheep Fat

Oxfendazole (methyl 5-(phenylsulfinyl)-2-benzimidazole- carbamate) is a broad spectrum anthelmintic agent designed for use in food-producing animals. A simple radioimmunoassay (RIA) for determination of oxfendazole in plasma was modified for determining oxfendazole in sheep fat. Fat tissue was enzymatically hydrolyzed to an oily residue with collagenase- hyaluronidase, and oxfendazole was then extracted into an acidified aqueous phase. An aliquot of this phase was used directly for RIA. Bound radioactivity was separated from free by using polyethylene glycol-bovine gamma globulin because oils and other components in the aqueous aliquot preclude the use of charcoal for the separation. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay is 0.003 ppm. Accuracy experiments carried out in the range 0.01-0.5 ppm gave a regression line of y (ng/g) = 0.91x (ng/g) + 2.89, with r = 0.99. Fat tissue derived from sheep given an oral dose of 6.0 mg/kg was analyzed by this method and by a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Values obtained by the 2 methods agreed well.

Collaborative Study of the Quantitative Determination and Chemical Confirmation of Sterigmatocystin in Grains

A quantitative method of analysis for sterigmatocystin in grains was studied collaboratively by 17 participants. The results show that 7 analysts had difficulty with the corn and oat samples because of an oily residue in the sample extracts which interfered with sterigmatocystin on TLC plates. Barley and wheat samples were analyzed without difficulty. All of the quantitative results show the type of random error expected for visual analyses of TLC plates. Confirmative tests for sterigmatocystin were carried out without difficulty. The methods for the quantitative determination of sterigmatocystin in barley and wheat and the chemical confirmation of sterigmatocystin have been adopted as official first action.

Improvement of the AOAC Kilogram Sample Method for the Isolation of Aflatoxin B1 for Chemical and Biological Confirmation

The official AOAC 1 kg method of isolating aflatoxin B1 for confirmative testing has been improved. An acid alumina column substituted for the 10 g silica gel column eliminates the oily residue which interferes with preparative TLC. Time is saved by processing only enough extract to yield the required amount of aflatoxin. Application of the procedure to aflatoxin-contaminated peanut butter, Brazil nuts, cottonseed meal, and corn resulted in aflatoxin B1 extracts which showed only one spot on TLC plates and gave positive derivative and Bacillus megaterium tests. Aflatoxin-free sample extracts gave negative B. megaterium tests.

Extraction, Cleanup, and Gas Chromatographic Determination of BHA and BHT in Fats and Oils

In preparing samples for analysis of antioxidants in fats and oils, melted fat and/or oil is mixed with Celite, blended with acetonitrile, and the acetonitrile is extracted with mixed ethers. The mixed ethers are evaporated, and the oily residue is incorporated with alumina acid. The alumina mixture is placed in a chromatographic column and eluted with aqueous methanol, and the methanolic eluate is extracted into mixed ethers. The ether extract is clean enough for TLC as well as GLC determinations. Recoveries from tallow, lard, and corn oil spiked at 16.7 and 66.7 ppm with BHA and BHT ranged from 80 to 95% for BHA and 91 to 115% for BHT.