Single-Use Acupuncture Needles: Scanning Electron-Microscopy of Needle-Tips

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hayhoe ◽  
Maria McCrossan ◽  
Aden Smith ◽  
David Ellis ◽  
Simon Croft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Additional Test ◽  
Oily Residue ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Needle Point ◽  
Scanning Electron

Unselected, disposable acupuncture needles from various manufacturers and retail suppliers were taken from a pool of donated and bought samples. Three needles of each type were prepared for electron-microscopy. The needle tips were inspected at two magnifications (x39.37 and x612.5): 52 electron-micrographs were taken of 31 individual needles from 11 different types. No needle-tip looked perfect and significant faults were seen in most; some appeared seriously deformed. The faults noted were: scratch marks along or across the needle, metallic scuff, lumps and irregularities in the needle surface, needle-tip stubbed or malformed, and needle point off-centre. An additional test made was to wipe a number of needles firmly on white paper tissue. Some left grey lines, and these were regarded as evidence of metallic or oily residue from the needle surface which could have been deposited in the patient. These unexpected findings, in a variety of popularly used needles from well-respected suppliers, suggest that most manufacturers need to reassess their quality control procedures.

scholarly journals Analysis of the discontinuities of the micro-finishing process, taking into account the form and characteristics of the micro-chips structure

Mechanik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kacalak ◽  
Katarzyna Tandecka ◽  
Filip Szafraniec ◽  
Łukasz Rypina ◽  
Thomas G. Mathia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Very High ◽  
Scanning Electron

Micro-finishing with abrasive foils is characterized by a single use of the tool, which makes it necessary to optimally fill the space between the grains of the processing products. Microscopy research with the use of scanning electron microscopy enables a more complete evaluation of the machining process. Based on the structure of micro-chips, the phenomena occurring in the micro-finishing zone with foils with electrocorunded abrasive grains with a nominal size of 15 μm have been described. It has been shown that the analysis of micro-chips, the bottoms of machining marks and the size of micro-chips with segmentation construction allows to estimate the frequency of process discontinuities. Different types of spherical chips, created as a result of very high temperatures, are also presented as a phenomenon unfavorable for the process.

Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
J. R. Millette ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

scholarly journals Unraveling the fine-tuned lemon coloration of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona

Microscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Monalisa Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Choudhury ◽  
P Sagar Achary ◽  
Harekrushna Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Pierid Butterfly ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Butterflies wings possess different types of scales to perform diverse functions. Each scale has many nano and microstructures, which interferes with light, resulting in unique coloration for each butterfly. Besides coloration, the arrangement of scales further helps in giving better survivability. Thus, analysis of wing pattern provides an overall idea about adaptation and activity of the animal. The current study deciphers the structure and composition of a wing of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona, which remains active at 42°C at which temperature all other butterflies face a tougher task for existence. In order to know the relation between survivability and adaptation in the wing, we have investigated the structural and physical composition of the wing of C. pomona under optical spectroscopy (absorption, reflectance and transmittance) along with microscopy techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy), which are not described in earlier studies. The current findings reveal unique structural arrangement within scales to provide the best fit to the animal in variable temperature.

Hierarchical Design and Nanomechanics of the Calcified Byssus of Anomia simplex

2009 ◽  
Vol 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob R Eltzholtz ◽  
Marie Krogsgaard ◽  
Henrik Birkedal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Reduced Modulus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBiology has evolved several strategies for attachment of sedentary animals. In the bivalves, byssi abound and the best known example being the protein-based byssus of the blue mussel and other Mytilidae. In contrast the bivalve Anomia sp. has a single calcified thread. The byssus is hierarchical in design and contains several different types of structures as revealed by scanning electron microscopy images. The mechanical properties of the byssus are probed by nanoindentation. It is found that the mineralized part of the byssus is very stiff with a reduced modulus of about 67 GPa and a hardness of ˜3.7 GPa. This corresponds to a modulus roughly 20% smaller than that of pure calcite and a hardness that is about 20% larger than pure calcite. The results reveal the importance of microstructure on mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrospirillum-like organisms in pigs, cattle, and dogs: a comparison of diagnostic methods between species

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kolodzieyski ◽  
B. Kim ◽  
H. Park ◽  
H.S. Yoon ◽  
C.W. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of spiral-shaped bacteria in animals as a possible source of pathogens causing chronic changes in the human and animal stomach as well as in other parts of the digestive tract. This study was carried out in three different groups of animals, pigs, cattle and dogs. Swabs from the oral cavity of dogs (<I>n</I> = 198) were stained using Gram’s method to evaluate gastrospirillum-like organisms (GLOs) and revealed two different types of GLOs with an incidence of 23.2% (46/198). The stomachs of the pigs (<I>n</I> = 104), cattle (<I>n</I> = 102), and dogs (<I>n</I> = 7) were collected for the urease test, brush cytology, light and electron microscopy, and PCR. A positive urease test was observed in 31.7% (33/104) of pigs, 90.2% (92/102) of cattle, and 85.7% (6/7) of dog samples. GLOs were detected in 37.5% (39/104) of pigs, 62.7% (64/102) of cattle, and 85.7% (6/7) of dog samples by brush cytology. Furthermore, positive PCR results were obtained in the stomach samples of dogs that had tested positive by both the urease test and brush cytology. The morphological study using brush cytology and scanning electron microscopy of a pig stomach revealed bacteria with the typical morphology of GLOs, which appeared to be similar to <I>Helicobacter heilmanii</I>. This study indicates that the urease test and brush cytology are useful tools for diagnosing GLOs in different animals. Moreover, the location of specimen collection can influence the diagnostic sensitivity of the examination.

Evaluation of 4330M Steel for Fasteners Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 198-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Al Sumait ◽  
C. Delgado ◽  
F. Aldhabib ◽  
X. Sun ◽  
F. Alzubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strength And Ductility ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of the study was to optimize the strength and ductility values of the 4330M steel. Optimization was conducted through different types of heat treatments. Tensile testing, hardness testing, optical microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the mechanical properties and microstructure of the as-received and the heat treated samples. The alloy was provided from two vendors; vendor H and vendor S. Results showed that by increasing the tempering temperatures, strength values decreases, while ductility values remain unchanged. Vendor H samples had higher strength values and much finer grain structure which was revealed only at 5000x magnification.

scholarly journals The species of Grammostola (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Central Argentina: taxonomy, distribution, and surface ultrastructure of coxal setae

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2828 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. FERRETTI ◽  
G. POMPOZZI ◽  
F. PÉREZ-MILES
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Difficult Genus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Three species of Grammostola (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) from central Argentina are redescribed and illustrated and their geographic distributions are reported. A new synonymy between G. vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman 1961 and G. schulzei (Schmidt 1994) n. syn. is proposed. We did not find zones of co-occurrence with the three species but, in several localities, we found two Grammostola species in sympatry. The surface ultrastructure of three types of coxal setae was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two morphological types of spiniform setae were found on the coxae. The first type consisted of short and strong piriform setae, with the surface completely covered by ridges, and the second type consisted of long and thinner spiniform setae, with a piriform basal portion. The basal portion of the setae had ridges, the central portion was smooth and the apical zone had numerous short barbs with curved tips. The different types of setae found in these Grammostola species are clearly distinguished, and could be new useful character to diagnose at least these species. In combination with other characteristics, these characters could probably help to solve the problems in other species of this difficult genus if not also other genera.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of the effects of different types of fracturing fluids on the pore structure characteristics of Shale Reservoir Rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zepeng Sun ◽  
Yue Ni ◽  
Yongli Wang ◽  
Zhifu Wei ◽  
Baoxiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shale Reservoir ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The chemical and physical capabilities of shale can be altered by the interactions between fracturing fluid and shale formation, affecting the long-term reservoir productivity. To obtain information regarding how fracturing fluids with different components impact the pore structure, porosity and mineral compositions of shale reservoir rocks over time, two different types of commercial fracturing fluids (slick water and crosslinked gel) were used to react with the shales from Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian in the Sichuan Basin of South China. Experiments were conducted with various time intervals (1, 4 and 10 days) in a reactor at 50 MPa and 100°C, and then analytical methods including X-ray diffraction, low pressure nitrogen adsorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy and porosity measurement were used to examine the changes of mineralogical compositions, pore structure and porosity. The results demonstrated that the mineral compositions of shale samples were significantly changed after treatment with two different fracturing fluids for 4 days. The analysis of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the carbonate minerals were dissolved and developed many dissolution pores after slick water treatment, while the crosslinked gel mainly caused the precipitation of carbonate minerals. After exposure to different fracturing fluids, the total pore volume and specific surface area decreased over time. Moreover, the fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) of shale showed an apparent decrease trend after treatment with two different fracturing fluids, indicating that the pore surface and structure become smooth and regular. The porosity of shale significantly decreased by 15.9% and 17.8%, respectively, after 10 days of slick water and crosslinked gel treatment. These results indicated that the injection of the two different types of fracturing fluids may negatively impact the shale gas production through reducing the nanopore structure and porosity of shale reservoir rocks.

scholarly journals In VitroAdherence of Oral Bacteria to Different Types of Tongue Piercings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pereira Borges ◽  
Julio Cesar Campos Ferreira-Filho ◽  
Julia Medeiros Martins ◽  
Caroline Vieira Alves ◽  
Bianca Marques Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this work was to verifyin vitroadherence ofE. corrodensandS. oralisto the surface of tongue piercings made of surgical steel, titanium, Bioplast, and Teflon. For this, 160 piercings were used for the count of Colony Forming Units (CFU) and 32 piercings for analysis under scanning electron microscopy. Of these, 96 (24 of each type) were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth and 50 μL of inoculum at 37°C/24 h. The other 96 piercings formed the control group and were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth at 37°C/24 h. Plates were incubated at 37°C/48 h for counting of CFU/mL and data were submitted to statistical analysis (pvalue<0.05). ForE. corrodens, difference among types of material was observed (p<0.001) and titanium and surgical steel showed lower bacterial adherence. The adherence ofS. oralisdiffered among piercings, showing lower colonization (p<0.007) in titanium and surgical steel piercings. The four types of piercings were susceptible to colonization byE. corrodensandS. oralis, and bacterial adhesion was more significant in those made of Bioplast and Teflon. The piercings presented bacterial colonies on their surface, being higher in plastic piercings probably due to their uneven and rough surface.

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