Fiducial markers for stereotactic lung radiation therapy: review of the transthoracic, endovascular and endobronchial approaches

Stereotactic body radiation therapy is an alternative to surgery for early-stage, inoperable peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. As opposed to linear accelerator (linac)-based (e.g. gating) and free-breathing techniques, CyberKnife® with Synchrony® technology allows accurate radiation delivery by means of a real-time respiratory motion tracking system using, in most cases, metal fiducial markers (FMs) placed in the vicinity of the target. The aims of this review are as follows. First, to describe the safety and efficacy of the transthoracic, endovascular and endobronchial FM insertion techniques for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Second, to analyse performance in terms of the migration and tracking rates of different FM types. Recent developments in FM tracking for central lesions will also be reviewed. In conclusion, for PPLs, the endobronchial approach provides a low rate of pneumothorax, offers the possibility of concurrent diagnostic sampling for both the PPL and the lymph nodes, and, finally, reduces the intervention time compared to other techniques. In this context, coil-tailed and coil-spring FMs have shown the lowest migration rate with a consequently high tracking rate.

Rehabilitation in acute post COVID-19 symptoms with intracranial space occupying lesion: a case report

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease or cancer is more likely to develop serious illness. Acute post COVID-19 patients will get a variety of problems with normal functioning. Rehabilitation could be an effective method for decreasing COVID-19's effects on patient health and function. A 20 years old, female was diagnosed with COVID-19 5 weeks ago, it had been reported shortness of breath, difficult clearing phlegm, headache, nausea and vomiting. The patient had a history of intracranial space occupying lesion (SOL), cerebello pontine angle (CPA) tumor 3 years ago, craniotomy resection of 4th ventricular tumour one year ago and a second craniotomy scheduled for 2021. Several exercises were scheduled for patients including prone position, respiratory muscle training, controlled breathing techniques, bronchial hygiene-airway clearance techniques, aerobic exercise, three times a week, exercises were scheduled. After having completed the exercise program for four weeks, exercise improved shortness of breath, phlegm expenditure, muscle strength, improve lung recoil, vital capacity, range of motion, patient balance and the patient's ability to maximize activity.

Pemberian Massage Effleurage Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Desa Sribawono Lampung Timur

ABSTRAK Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyebutkan jumlah penderita hipertensi akan terus meningkat seiring dengan jumlah penduduk yang bertambah pada 2025 mendatang diperkirakan sekitar 29% warga dunia terkena hipertensi. Untuk membuat tubuh menjadi rileks dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara seperti terapi musik klasik, yoga, tehnik nafas dalam, dan terapi massage untuk menurunan hipertensi. Tujuan setelah penyuluhan dan demonstrasi, diharapkan pemberian massage effleurage dapat untuk tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan menggunakan leaflet dan demonstrasi massage effleurage. Terdapat penurunan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi setelah pemberian massage effleurage selama 7 hari di Sribawono, Lampung Timur. Dengan demikian, pemberian massage effleurage pada klien hipertensi sangat efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah.Kata Kunci: Massage effleurage, Hipertensi ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) said the number of people with hypertension will continue to increase along with the population increasing in the next 2025 estimated that around 29% of world citizens affected by hypertension. To make the body relaxed can be done in several ways such as classical music therapy, yoga, deep breathing techniques, and massage therapy to reduce hypertension. The purppose after counseling and demonstration, is expected to give effleurage massage for blood pressure in hypertensive's client. The activities carried out in the form of counseling using leaflets and demonstration massage effleurage. There was a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive clients after giving effleurage massage for 7 days at Sribawono, East Lampung. Thus, giving effleurage massage to hypertensive clients is very effective in lowering blood pressure. Keywords: Massage effleurage, hypertension

Breathing Techniques in the Paris Singing Treatise (Méthode de Chant, Paris, 1803)

"This article tries to identify the breathing techniques proposed in the Paris Singing treatise, published in 1803. The method gives us the description of the respiratory movement practiced by singers before the institutionalization of knowledge according to scientific research. The aim of the French school was to produce a natural tone and to deliver beauty in the act of singing without physical limitations or excesses imposed on the body or voice. We found that the French school aims to respect the length of the sentences and this to the detriment of the quality of the sound emitted. Regarding the physiology of breathing, the method uses analogies with images that allow singers to imagine what is “hidden” in their body, and explain the functioning of different parts, according to the “tasks” assigned to them. The teachers of this method suggest to the practitioner not to think about breathing and uses the term natural breathing, as there is no difference between the breath needed to sing and the breath needed to speak. Their abstraction is that the performer does not think about breathing while speaking, so there is no need for a breathing-oriented thinking process even during singing. Keywords: French singing school, natural breathing. "

Effect of Yoga Pranayama (Breathing Techniques) on the Vagus Nerve in Countering Major Depression and Related Ailments; A Literature Review

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major psychiatric condition associated with functional impairment and high levels of morbidity and mortality (M. Li, 2015) (Lohoff, 2010). It is characterized by mode alterations, diminished interests, impaired cognitive function and vegetative symptoms such as disturbed sleep and appetite changes (Christian Otte, 2016) are common patients suffering from MDD. Our nervous system is built around the balance and harmony of two opposing activities (Laurie Kelly McCorry, 2007). 1. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is associated with the fight or flight response. 2. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is associated with relaxation, digestion, and regeneration. These two systems are meant to work in rhythmic alternation, a process that supports healthy rhythms of alertness and restfulness that facilitate physical and mental health (Shah, 2018). In order to treat ailments such as MDD, many techniques are used to stimulate the vagus nerve for better functioning (Bruno Bonaz, 2018). Different forms of pranayama tends to activate different branches of the autonomic nervous system, this causes positive changes to the oxygen consumption, metabolism and skin resistance. The literature evidence gathered states that the mechanisms of the vagul nerve stimulation helps in the parasympathetic activation in an event of stress depression and major depression. When the pranayam is mixed with certain yogic asana’s while controlling the breath, it seems to have a better countering of MDD and related disorders.

Pranayama dalam Prenatal Yoga

<p><em>Pregnancy is an event that occurs in women which generally gives various changes in themselves. Along with the development of the fetus and increasing gestational age, a woman will certainly experience several changes such as physical changes, psychological changes, and social status of the mother</em><em>. The changes that occur during pregnancy generally occur as symptoms and occur for most pregnant women. Either with, arise, or fear that is in itself, especially in pregnant women, one of the prenatal yoga exercises can be effectively overcome by doing pranayama exercises. During pregnancy, the body's needs are certainly different from the bodies of people who have never experienced the process of pregnancy. Likewise, with the need for pranayama exercises performed during pregnancy, which of course not all pranayama techniques can be practiced during pregnancy.</em> <em>There are several pranayama techniques that are good to practice during pregnancy, namely diaphragmatic breathing techniques, dirgha swasam breathing techniques, sitkari pranayama, sitali pranayama, bhramari pranayama, ujjayi pranayama, and anuloma viloma pranayama.</em></p>

Review of Artificial Intelligence System For Correcting Exercise Movements and Health Monitoring

Exercising/yoga/fitness training is an important aspect in everyone's life especially with the modern hectic lifestyle which is very unhealthy. The correctness of an exercise can be judged by certain parameters such as perfect angles between body points and correct breathing techniques and also number of repetitions in some forms of exercise. In yoga, health benefits are achieved only when a person stays in the position for long enough. The Artificial Intelligence system which will help in tracking the movements of user while performing any exercise or yoga asanas will be beneficial. For this system Computer Vision will be used to visualize the body points of the user. Post visualizing the body points, machine learning algorithms are used to detect the posture of the user and check if it is correct or not. Accordingly, the system will generate an output to tell the user the correction to be made in the posture. Also a heartbeat tracking system is used to monitor the heartbeat of the user so that while performing any exercise or yoga asanas if user feels any abnormality in the body it can be tracked by the user's heartbeat and the system could guide the user before any injury occurs. Keywords: CV, CNN, R-CNN, Neural Network, OpenPose, BlazePose, PPG

Bhramari Pranayama: A Non-Pharmacological Approach Against Current Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic

Objective: For maintaining sound physical and mental health it is extremely beneficial for mankind to do pranayama. Prāṇāyāma bring about varying physiological and psychological effects. Pranayama is a branch of yoga practice and also considered as the fourth limb of ancient aṣṭāṅga yoga consisting of breathing techniques. This article aims to attain an insight on the effectiveness of Bhramari Pranayama (Bhr.P) on health and explores its need to be implemented in day to day life as a routine by all individuals in current covid 19 pandemic. Data source: The studies done in previous years were found using Medline, Embase, Google scholar, pub med and manual search. Studies conducted on the health effectiveness of Bhramari Pranayama specifically were included in this study. Review methods: It has been tried to keenly understand the role of Bhramari pranayam in particular and exploring some new concepts related to it in this review. Features of Bhramari Pranayama are dealt in detail with its potential effects on various systems of human body and its potentiality as a therapy tool. Result and conclusion: In the studies incorporated, the Bhramari pranayam practices have shown para-sympathetic dominance. There are some uplifting effects of Bhramari pranayam on different physiological systems. In holistic yoga therapy schedule pranayama is also an integral component which involves slowing down of the normal breathing rate along with an internal awareness and conscious inner focus on the respiration and reduces stress which finally causes improvement in ailments due to covid 19 pandemic.

Airway clearance techniques for patients experiencing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Republic of Ireland

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are used by physiotherapists with the purpose of clearing sputum from bronchial airways. They are commonly prescribed for patients experiencing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), however large variability in practice is commonly observed. This study aimed to explore current physiotherapy practice regarding ACTs for people with AECOPD in the Republic of Ireland. METHOD: An online survey was distributed to physiotherapy clinicians via direct email and the Irish Society of Chartered Physiotherapists. Main survey themes, identified from previous studies using the same survey tool, included current practice in relation to use of ACTs, perception of their effectiveness, clinical reasoning and awareness of the literature and guidelines. For the purpose of this study, ACTs were defined as techniques used by a physiotherapist for the purpose of clearing sputum from patients’ airways. RESULTS: 202 surveys were distributed and seventy responses (35%) were received. The majority of respondents (n = 56, 80%) reported prescribing ACTs for more than 60%of patients with AECOPD, the most common techniques being physical activity (n = 65, 93%) and active cycle of breathing techniques (n = 53, 90%). Sputum management (n = 66, 94%) was the most commonly reported indicator for use of ACTs. The majority of physiotherapists (n = 42, 60%) reported being unsure of the literature regarding ACTs in AECOPD. CONCLUSION: The response rate to this survey was low, however results show that physiotherapists in the Republic of Ireland regularly prescribe ACTs for patients with AECOPD. Physical activity and active cycle of breathing techniques were the most commonly used ACTs and perceived to be the most effective techniques in AECOPD, with sputum management the most commonly reported indicator for use. Further research is required to explore not only physiotherapists clinical reasoning in relation to the use of ACTs for AECOPD and the perceptions of their effectiveness, but also the lack of awareness of the literature and guidelines.

“Dit is meer ʼn ge-juggle met jou spiere”: Insigte oor die begrip appoggio vanuit kwalitatiewe onderhoude met Werner Nel en sy voormalige studente (artikel 2)

Opsomming Die vorige artikel in hierdie tweedelige bespreking van Werner Nel se pedagogiek as sangonderwyser het daarop gefokus om ʼn agtergrond en oorsig van die bel canto sangtegniek te bied, spesifiek soos dit te make het met die begrip appoggio. Die eerste artikel het hoofsaaklik metodologiese kwessies van die huidige studie uiteengesit en en ʼn oorsig van internasionaal-gepubliseerde literatuur oor bel canto en appoggio saamgevat. Hierdie tweede artikel lewer verslag oor en bespreek die kwalitatiewe onderhoude wat met Werner Nel en sy studente gevoer is oor bel canto en appoggio. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat Nel se benadering tot appoggio (en die bedoelde asemhalingstegnieke vir esteties bevredigende klankproduksie) grootliks ooreengestem het met besprekings daarvan in die relevante vakliteratuur. Die artikel sluit af met enkele gedagtes rondom die sosiokulturele belang en betekenis van hierdie ooreenstemming tussen Nel se sangonderrigbeginsels, sy studente se metode van opera sing en die tersaaklike vakliteratuur. “It is more about the juggling of your muscles”: Insights regarding the concept of appoggio as derived from qualitative interviews with Werner Nel and his former students (Article 2) Abstract The previous article in this two-part discussion of Werner Nel’s pedagogy as a singing teacher focused on presenting background and an overview of the bel canto singing technique, specifically as relates to the concept of appoggio. Its main ambit was to outline the methodology used for this study and to give an overview of the literature published internationally on bel canto and appoggio. This second article reports on and discusses the qualitative interviews conducted with Werner Nel and his students concerning bel canto and appoggio. The findings of this study indicate that Nel’s approach to appoggio (and the intended breathing techniques for aesthetically pleasing sound production) largely correlated with discussions of appoggio in the relevant subject literature. The article concludes with some thoughts concerning the sociocultural importance and meaning of this correlation between Nel’s principles for teaching singing, his students’ method for singing opera and the relevant subject literature.