Multi-scale Order Recurrence Plot based deterministic analysis on Heart Rate Variability in Congestive Heart Failure Assessment

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a cardiovascular disease associated with the abnormal autonomic nervous system (ANS). Heart rate variability analysis (HRV) is the main method for the quantitative evaluation of autonomic nervous function. Common analytical methods of HRV include time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear methods. However, these methods generally ignore the short-term volatility of heart rate and autonomic ganglion law. Therefore, this study proposes a new parameter to analyze heart rate variability-determination of a multi-scale order recurrence plot (MSORP_DET). This method can analyze the HRV in patients with heart failure on multiple time scales. This study analyzed the R-R interval in 24-hour HRV data from 98 samples (54 normal subjects and 44 patients with CHF). The results showed that MSORP_DET could significantly distinguish CHF patients from normal subjects (p<0.001). Moreover, the accuracy rate of screening patients with CHF reached the maximum of 81.6% by using the combination of low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) and MSORP_DET, compared with 78.6% when using LF/HF alone. Therefore, MSORP_DET can be used as a new index to screen patients with CHF and reveal that the rhythm of ANS in patients with heart failure is more complex than that in normal people.

FAM134B promotes adipogenesis by increasing vesicular activity in porcine and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Family with sequence similarity 134, Member B (FAM134B), is a cis-Golgi transmembrane protein that is known to be necessary for the long-term survival of nociceptive and autonomic ganglion neurons. Recent work has shown that FAM134B plays a pivotal role in autophagy-mediated turnover of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, tumor inhibition and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we provide mechanistic links between FAM134B and ARF-related protein 1 (ARFRP1) and further show that FAM134B resides in the Golgi apparatus. Here, we found that FAM134B increased lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Transport vehicle number and ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family gene expression were also increased by FAM134B overexpression, suggesting that vesicular transport activity enhanced lipid accumulation. ARF-related protein 1 (ARFRP1) is a GTPase that promotes protein trafficking. We show that FAM134B regulates the expression of ARFRP1, and the knockdown of ARFRP1 abolishes enhancement on lipid accumulation caused by FAM134B. In addition, FAM134B upregulates the PAT family protein (PAT), which associates with the lipid droplets (LDs) surface and promotes lipolysis by recruiting adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). These findings indicate that FAM134B promotes lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation by increasing vesicle transport activity in the Golgi apparatus and inhibiting the lipolysis of LDs.

Діазинон. Основні аспекти біологічної дії, токсикологічні властивості та патоморфологія отруєнь

The article represents data on chemical properties and main aspects of the biological action of the diazinon - organophosphate pesticide that is widely used as a drug with marked acaricidal and insecticidal properties. Analyzed published data on metabolism, diazinon accumulation in various organs and systems, and ways of removing from the body. The article shows the median lethal dose (LD50) diazinon for various kinds of animals. The special features of the pathogenesis of poisoning, the main mechanism of action of toxic organophosphorus pesticides is the phosphorylation and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in a marked accumulation of acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses, excessive stimulation of nerves and muscles, disruption passage of nerve impulses. The article detailed the clinical signs of acute poisoning by organophosphate compounds. These data indicate that the effects on the body organophosphorus pesticides includes muscarinic effects (sialorrhea and excessive secretion of sweat glands, bronchorrhea, increased motility of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by spastic contractions of the intestinal wall, vomiting and gastroenteritis), nicotine action (miofibrillation, rigidity pectoral muscles, paralysis of respiratory muscles with the development of sudden hypoxemia) and central effects (arising from the impact of the central nervous system and are accompanied by violation of its function). The analysis pathmorphology of poisoning of the organophosphate pesticide. These data indicate that structural changes diazinon poisoning is less specific than clinical signs and characterized by: the development of the circulatory disorders (acute congestive hyperemia recorded and hemorrhage), the appearance of dystrophic and necrotic changes parenchymal elements of the brain and spinal cord, liver, kidneys and so on. Also recorded alterations changes ganglion cells and spinal cord autonomic ganglion, proliferation of glial cells, and for subacute and chronic poisoning – disintegration of the myelin and nerve fibers axial cylinder. Described diazinon influence on organs of the immune system and ability to induce endocrine disorders. There are published data on the potential mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of the diazinon. The range of problems researd structural changes by the origin and development of clinical evidence for the effect of different doses diazinon and certain aspects of forensic veterinary diagnostic poisoning mammals and birds of organophosphate pesticides.

Autonomic Nervous System Mediates the Hypotensive Effects of Aqueous and Residual Methanolic Extracts ofSyzygium polyanthum(Wight) Walp. var.polyanthumLeaves in Anaesthetized Rats

Syzygium polyanthum(Wight) Walp. var.polyanthumleaves are consumed as a traditional Malay treatment of hypertension. This study investigates hypotensive potential of aqueous (AESP) and residual methanolic (met-AESP) extracts ofS. polyanthumleaves and possible involvement of autonomic receptors. AESP and met-AESP (20 to 100 mg/kg) were intravenously administered into anaesthetized Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Blood pressure and heart were monitored for 20 min. AESP and met-AESP induced significant dose-dependent hypotension, but only 100 mg/kg AESP caused mild bradycardia (n=5). AESP-induced hypotension was more potent than that of met-AESP in WKY. AESP has a faster onset time than that of met-AESP in both WKY and SHR. However, met-AESP-induced hypotension was more sustained than that of AESP in SHR. Blockages of autonomic ganglion andα-adrenergic receptors using hexamethonium and phentolamine (n=5for each group) partially attenuated AESP-induced hypotension, suggesting involvement ofα-adrenergic receptors. Blockages of autonomic ganglion,β-adrenergic, cholinergic receptors, and nitric oxide production using hexamethonium, propranolol, atropine, and N-ω-nitro-l arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (n=5for each group) partially attenuated met-AESP-induced hypotension, suggesting involvement ofβ-adrenergic and cholinergic receptors via nitric oxide production.