In God,s image?

Intentional modification of the infant’s head has been commonly practised at all times and in virtually every region of the inhabited world. Motives included aesthetic perception of the human head, greater attractiveness, symbolization of ethnic identity, demonstration of noble origin or sociocultural status, and supposed health benefits. The desired shape was achieved by repeated hand massage, or by using devices like cradleboards, which were applied throughout infancy. In some regions, infant head shaping was the rule rather than the exception. Whereas chronic modification of the skull during the first year of life had no adverse effects, one-time postnatal head shaping by the midwife was a dangerous procedure. Recommended by Soran in the 2nd century c.e., it remained in practice for 17 centuries. With the advent of positional plagiocephaly following the Back to Sleep campaign, head shaping has regained acceptance and is now being widely used again.

Microplastic: pollution issue and seafood security

At the first time, plastic materials were produced to facilitate various activities of human life. Plastic materials that are flexible and durable have been used by humans to meet various needs to support their daily activities. Starting from human activities from waking up to going back to sleep, nowadays it cannot be separated from the use of plastic materials. This then makes humans "addicted" to plastic materials. It is as if human life cannot be separated from the use of plastic materials. Various research results in the field of pollution both on land and the sea, plastic materials that are not managed properly can contaminate human life, either directly or indirectly, to food sources, especially food from the sea.

Mother Knows Best? Bedsharing against Expert Advice

This chapter focuses on sleep as a universal and widely debated topic for parents and parenting experts. It talks about the where, when, and how of infant sleep that motivates public awareness campaigns, forum discussions, scholarly research, and parenting literature as each offers different solutions to the problem of managing babies' sleep. It also mentions the danger associated with the sleeping habit of babies, specifically the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The chapter mentions Back to Sleep as the most famous anti-SIDS campaigns in the mid-1990s, which advised parents to put babies to sleep on their backs. It examines bedsharing as the attachment parenting's solution to the problem of sleep, which is defined as a baby and its caregiver sharing an adult bed.

Distinguishing Between Lambdoid Craniosynostosis and Deformational Plagiocephaly: A Review of This Paradigm Shift in Clinical Decision-Making and Lesson for the Future

The cause of occipital asymmtery can be either extrinsic or intrinsic. Intrinsic causes include lambdoid craniosynsotosis. This condition is generally treated with cranial vault expansion surgery. Extrinsic causes include deformational plagiocephaly, which became commonplace after the "Back to Sleep Campaign" instituted in the 1980s by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The treatment of this condition is non surgical. Dr. Joseph Gruss was instumental in differentiating between these conditions and reducing the number of unnecessary surgeries that were previously being performed.

The End of the Awakening

Between 1840, when chapters five, six, and seven leave off, and 1848, when Horace Mann left his position as secretary of the board of education, the religious consensus that had helped to give rise to the Common School Awakening definitively broke down. By the end of the decade, American Christians of all stripes were issuing objections to common schools. Lutherans, Reformed Christians, and members of other confessions joined the Catholics who had first voiced opposition to the vision of Christianity without sectarianism that stood at the heart of the Common School Awakening. As a result, the dramatic reform of the 1830s came to a halt, occasionally even retreating. But whatever regression might have occurred in terms of short-term policy, the religiously motivated ideals of systematization and professionalization had been permanently enshrined in the American vision of public education. Once stirred from her slumbers, American public education would not go quietly back to sleep.

Can we still do something-and what? - for a seemingly missing syndrome?: “Yes we can”

In this letter, the authors compare the incidence of SUDI and SIDS in the Tuscany Region to the incidence reported by Campi and Bonati in their paper “Can we still do something-and what?- for a seemingly missing syndrome?” that was recently published in this journal. The Tuscany data are directly gathered from the autopsies while the others from the death certificates that are often not reilable, thus causing an understimation of the phenomenon. The real picture of the extent of SIDS is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of back to sleep campaigns.