Updates in Clinical and Translational Glaucoma Research

Glaucoma is a sight-threatening disease and the primum mobile of irreversible blindness worldwide [...]

Clinical Study of Lens–Induced Glaucoma in Elderly Population of Gulbarga

BACKGROUND In developing countries like India, it is essential to spread awareness about cataract and its complications like lens induced glaucoma, uveitis. Lens induced glaucoma (LIG) can lead to irreversible blindness due to secondary optic atrophy. The purpose of this study was to stress on early diagnosis and timely management in preventing blindness due to lens induced glaucoma in patients visiting ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga. Karnataka. METHODS This retrospective descriptive type of statistical study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga. Karnataka, from March 2018 to March 2021. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity was recorded in all patients after through history taking, ocular examination and fundoscopy. After subjecting for exclusion criteria, cases of LIG were confirmed and included in the study. RESULTS In our study we found total 25 cases having LIG, in that 9 were male patients (36 %) and 16 were females (64 %). Phacomorphic glaucoma was recorded in 19 patients (76 %) and phacolytic glaucoma in 5 cases (20 %). Intraocular pressure of 40 - 49 mmHg was recorded in 16 patients (64 %) followed by 30 – 39 mmHg in 5 patients (20 %) and 50 – 59 mmHg in 4 patients (16 %). In our study, 13 patients had visual acuity of counting fingers (CF) 3 meters to 5 meters (52 %) followed by 6/60 to 6/24 (20 %) and hand movements to counting fingers 3 metres in (12 %) and one patient had no perception of light (4 %). All patients underwent cataract surgery with intraocular implantation under local anaesthesia. After 2 weeks of follow up, vision restored was between 6/9 - 6/18 (40 %) in 10 patients followed by 6/18 - 6/60 (28 %) in 7 patients and no improvement in vision in one patient. CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma is one of the causes for irreversible blindness. Though overall prevalence is less than 5 % but gets its one of major contribution from lens induced glaucoma. One good thing about LIG is patient presents early due to loss of vision and pain, so if we intervene with early diagnosis and manage patients, vision can be restored successfully. KEYWORDS LIG, Cataract, IOP, Phacomorphic Glaucoma, Photolytic Glaucoma

Current understanding of Age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population 50 years of age or older in the developed countries. This review discusses the traditional clinical and histopathological presentation of AMD, epidemiology and genetics component in relation to the current understanding of the vascular nature of the disease. Therapeutic approaches to treat the disease are also included in the review.

Inovation Of Collagen Based Corneal Hydrogel with the Addition Of Glycopolymer As the Solution For Irreversible Blindness By Corneal Ulcers

Indonesian Health Ministry Data showed that 5.3% of 100,000 population in Indonesia suffer from corneal ulcers. Corneal ulcer is one of the five leading causes of largest blindness morbidity and loss of vision. Corneal transplant being the only medicine accepted widely despite there are many post-surgery complications. The study was conducted to review the initials make a synthetic cornea from natural ingredients collagen type I composite with a glikopolimer from poly (1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC) and poly (vynyl-alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels form to review increase the strength of mechanical and biodegradibilty as candidate synthetic cornea. The result of Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) tin that strong cross Occurs on Force C = O stretching Which is a cluster formation of ester IN 1735 cm-1. The result of tensile test showed that the value of elasticity modulus tends to decrease with increasing concentration of collagen with modulus of elasticity in a row for a review variation collagen 1%, 3%, and 5% is 13.26 MPa, 13.21 MPa, and 11.5 MPa. Moisture balance test results Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) for 7 days for a review sample of collagen Variation 1%, 3%, and 5% is 89%, 91% and 92%. Spectroscopic test results showed that all the various samples can continue light until appoximately 98% accordance to standart of cornea. The synthetic cornea from collagen type 1 and glycopolymer from poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC) and poly(vynyl alcohol) (PVA) have a potential to be solution for irreversible blindness caused by corneal ulcers.

Surveying veterinary ophthalmologists to assess the advice given to owners of pets with irreversible blindness

BackgroundThe primary purpose of this survey was to determine how veterinary ophthalmologists manage cases of irreversible blindness and to report the most common causes of blindness.MethodsRespondents completed a questionnaire sent by email with the cooperation of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists and the Latin American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. The questionnaire was developed containing 12 questions with both open and closed multiple-choice response options.ResultsOne hundred and eight veterinary ophthalmologists answered the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 83 per cent had graduated for more than 10 years. Glaucoma (63.56 per cent) was the main cited cause of blindness, followed by progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) (17.80 per cent) and retinal detachment (6.78 per cent). The major concerns of owners refer to the impact of blindness on quality-of-life, (39.31 per cent), followed by depression and anxiety (20 per cent), and environment adaptation (11.72 per cent). General recommendations include avoidance of changes in the domestic environment (18.45 per cent), use of auditory stimulation (14.09 per cent) and avoidance of dangerous areas (12.75 per cent). Almost 31 per cent of professionals do not recommend the use of literature on how to deal with blind pets.ConclusionsThe survey determined glaucoma and PRA as the most common causes of irreversible blindness in pets. Several recommendations that are frequently given to owners of blind pets are presented.