Developing a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle (HFCV) Energy Consumption Model for Transportation Applications

This paper presents a simple hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) energy consumption model. Simple fuel/energy consumption models have been developed and employed to estimate the energy and environmental impacts of various transportation projects for internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, there are few published results on HFCV energy models that can be simply implemented in transportation applications. The proposed HFCV energy model computes instantaneous energy consumption utilizing instantaneous vehicle speed, acceleration, and roadway grade as input variables. The mode accurately estimates energy consumption, generating errors of 0.86% and 2.17% relative to laboratory data for the fuel cell estimation and the total energy estimation, respectively. Furthermore, this work validated the proposed model against independent data and found that the new model accurately estimated the energy consumption, producing an error of 1.9% and 1.0% relative to empirical data for the fuel cell and the total energy estimation, respectively. The results demonstrate that transportation engineers, policy makers, automakers, and environmental engineers can use the proposed model to evaluate the energy consumption effects of transportation projects and connected and automated vehicle (CAV) transportation applications within microscopic traffic simulation models.

Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites Behavioral Studies with Different Reinforcements- A Review

Aluminum alloy’s widely employed in transportation applications like: aerospace, aviation, marine and automobile sector due to their good mechanical properties, wear properties, corrosion behavior and high strength to density ratio. The current review article mainly highlights the effects of various reinforcements on mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum based metal matrix composite materials and focuses on the types of different reinforcements. Review revealed that, there is significant improvement in mechanical properties of AMMC’s with different reinforcements as compared to traditional base alloys. The reinforcements may be SiC, TiO2 , Al2O3 , fly ash, B4C, fiber, Zircon are incorporated in the stir casting or other methods. Keywords: AMMC, Reinforcements, Mechanical properties, Stir casting etc.

An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications

Biofuel, a cost-effective, safe, and environmentally benign fuel produced from renewable sources, has been accepted as a sustainable replacement and a panacea for the damaging effects of the exploration for and consumption of fossil-based fuels. The current work examines the classification, generation, and utilization of biofuels, particularly in internal combustion engine (ICE) applications. Biofuels are classified according to their physical state, technology maturity, the generation of feedstock, and the generation of products. The methods of production and the advantages of the application of biogas, bioalcohol, and hydrogen in spark ignition engines, as well as biodiesel, Fischer–Tropsch fuel, and dimethyl ether in compression ignition engines, in terms of engine performance and emission are highlighted. The generation of biofuels from waste helps in waste minimization, proper waste disposal, and sanitation. The utilization of biofuels in ICEs improves engine performance and mitigates the emission of poisonous gases. There is a need for appropriate policy frameworks to promote commercial production and seamless deployment of these biofuels for transportation applications with a view to guaranteeing energy security.

Unmanned Transportation Applications at First Level Air Infrastructure (FLAI)

Increasing complexity of infrastructure has growing need for maintenance that is accumulating cost in the long run. This report compares the simulation of traditional transportation to an aviation alternative. The focus is on the cost effectiveness and power efficiency of Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) vehicles. Author’s motivation in this topic is from the project of designing a VTOL vehicle for multimodal transportation. The simulation of 100.000 people demonstrates efficiency of aviation infrastructure. Counting 11 billion for traditional infrastructure and 4 billion for equivalent VTOL vehicle carrying capacity. Affecting factors are energy, transportation modes, infrastructure and operation average the results. The simulation is simplistic model of infrastructure with normally distributed traffic, neglecting the effect of transition between vehicles, and the effect of wind magnitude and direction. The aviation method reduced distance up to 82% made travel time 92%, consumed 88% of the energy, when emissions show relatively equivalent quantity on both applications. The results of FLAI imply economic advantages over traditional infrastructure and suggest further research into the safe adoption of aviation infrastructure.

Attention-Based Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network (A+MCNN) for Multi-Class Classification in Road Images

Automated pavement distress recognition is a key step in smart infrastructure assessment. Advances in deep learning and computer vision have improved the automated recognition of pavement distresses in road surface images. This task remains challenging due to the high variation of defects in shapes and sizes, demanding a better incorporation of contextual information into deep networks. In this paper, we show that an attention-based multi-scale convolutional neural network (A+MCNN) improves the automated classification of common distress and non-distress objects in pavement images by (i) encoding contextual information through multi-scale input tiles and (ii) employing a mid-fusion approach with an attention module for heterogeneous image contexts from different input scales. A+MCNN is trained and tested with four distress classes (crack, crack seal, patch, pothole), five non-distress classes (joint, marker, manhole cover, curbing, shoulder), and two pavement classes (asphalt, concrete). A+MCNN is compared with four deep classifiers that are widely used in transportation applications and a generic CNN classifier (as the control model). The results show that A+MCNN consistently outperforms the baselines by 1∼26% on average in terms of the F-score. A comprehensive discussion is also presented regarding how these classifiers perform differently on different road objects, which has been rarely addressed in the existing literature.

Dampak Pelayanan Gofood Terhadap Penjualan Unit Usaha Mikro Makanan Lokal Mitra Gofood di Kota Bandung

At this time the digital world has entered all sectors of life, the tourism sector for example with the google maps application to show tourist locations, hotel booking applications, and online transportation applications and food delivery services. Gofood is one of the food delivery services found on the Gojek application. With the presence of Gofood tourists who are in tourist destinations or lodging, especially in the city of Bandung can easily order local specialties or popular culinary in the city of Bandung. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Gofood services on increasing sales from local Gofood partner micro food businesses in the city of Bandung. This study uses quantitative methods using simple linear regression analysis, F-test and t-test. The results showed that the Gofood service variable was positive and significant and had an effect of 42.4% on the sales of Gofood partner local micro food businesses in the city of Bandung, the remaining 57.6% was the influence of variables not examined such as product quality, price, marketing management, mix marketing, etc. Gofood partner capital conditions are relatively increased by accumulation, but for daily capital, especially weekends (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and national holidays) constrained because the disbursement of sales on that day only distributed to partners on Monday and above 12 noon, preferably in accelerate the disbursement because it affects the daily capital turnover.

Analysis of tribological behaviour of titanium nitride-coated stainless steel with the use of wavelet-based methods

Tribological behaviour is characterized by the strong nonlinear effects in its response, which are hardly identified with standard signal processing methods. One of the challenges in the analysis of wear phenomena is identification of its propagation and potential quantification. In our study, we propose application of wavelet-based methods, i.e. continuous wavelet transform and scale index for analysis of the dynamical response in the tribological pair. The analysed parameter will be the coefficient of friction, which is slightly changing with wear of the tribological pair. The performed analysis shows the variable response of the system in each considered state. Moreover, results obtained with wavelets are useful for its determination. The proposed methods can be particularly useful in the transportation applications, where the quantification of the friction force between the sliding counterparts is a crucial parameter, responsible for the power losses. Early and efficient identification of wear allows to predict damage and avoid undesirable downtime or time-consuming exchange of a worn out part.

Review of the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell in Long-Term Operation: Main Influencing Parameters and Testing Protocols

Durability is the most pressing issue preventing the efficient commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stationary and transportation applications. A big barrier to overcoming the durability limitations is gaining a better understanding of failure modes for user profiles. In addition, durability test protocols for determining the lifetime of PEMFCs are important factors in the development of the technology. These methods are designed to gather enough data about the cell/stack to understand its efficiency and durability without causing it to fail. They also provide some indication of the cell/stack’s age in terms of changes in performance over time. Based on a study of the literature, the fundamental factors influencing PEMFC long-term durability and the durability test protocols for both PEMFC stationary and transportation applications were discussed and outlined in depth in this review. This brief analysis should provide engineers and researchers with a fast overview as well as a useful toolbox for investigating PEMFC durability issues.