ROLE OF ALISHER NAVOI IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN LINGUISTICS

The article analyzes the role of "Muhokamat ul-lughatain" in the science of Turkology, in par-ticular, in the development of the Uzbek language, the views of Alisher Navoi on linguistics, sociolinguistics, and cultural linguistics. Navoi's views on the concept of cultural linguistics, his views on the stereotypes of the Turkic and Sart peoples, in particular, his services as a researcher of lacuna. The conclusions made on the basis of comparison of the Turkic languages with the Sart (Persian-Tajik) languages are explained.The verbal skill of Navoi, his level of understanding the semantics of the word is analyzed. Alisher Navoi's views in the field of sociolinguistics and cultural linguistics were assessed as the first theoretical interpretations in modern areas of linguistics.

ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOALPOLA BILANGAN DITINJAU DARI ADVERSITY QUOTIENT KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 26 MAKASSAR

Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pola bilangan yang berkategori (1)climbers. (2) campers. (3) quitters.Subjek penelitian diambil dari satu rombongan belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 26 Makassar.Diberikan tes angket Adversity Quotient.Tes angket tersebut dipilih 1 subjek yang mewakili kategori climbers, campers, quitters.Ketiga subjek selanjutnya diberikan soal tes diagnosis untuk menganalisis kesulitan menyelesaikan soal pola bilangan.Selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara kepada subjek untuk menganalisis kesulitan menyelesaikan soal yang mengacu pada jawaban yang diberikan pada tes diagnosis. Berdasarkan Hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa (1) kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pola bilangan yang berkategoriclimbers adalah sulit dalam mempelajari barisan dan deret, kesulitan memahami prinsip dari pola bilangan persegi dikarenakan lupa dengan rumus, dan kesulitan dalam membedakan soal cerita dari materi pola bilangan. (2) kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pola bilangan yang berkategoricampersadalah subjek kesulitan mempelajari konsep penggunaan r – 1 dan 1 – r, kesulitan memahami prinsip yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan soal nomor 1 dikarenakan tidak menganalisis soal dengan baik, dan kesulitan mentransformasikan soal cerita kedalam kalimat matematika serta tidak mampu membedakan soal cerita barisan dan deret aritmatika. (3) kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pola bilangan yang berkategoriquitters adalah kesulitan mempelajari konsep dikarenakan pemahaman tentang konsep dari aritmatika dan geometri masih kurang, kesulitan memahami prinsip yang sama dengan subjek lainnya yaitu lupa dengan rumus yang digunakan dalam menjawab soal, dan kesulitan menyelesaikan soal bentuk verbal (skill). Ini terjadi karena ketidakmampuan menuliskan informasi yang ada disoal.

Development of the traditional digital games for strengthening childhood’s verbal skill

The aims of this research was to: (1) know the portability aspect of the Traditional Digital Games application as a medium for early childhood learning; and (2) know the usability aspect of the Traditional Digital Games applications as a medium for early childhood learning. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R & D). The stages through which the waterfall will be useful to be able to produce reliable and effective software. The waterfall flowchart consists of: analysis, design, implementation, testing, and improvement. The results of this study were: (1) the results of testing from the portability aspect using a different smartphone, it can be concluded that traditional digital game applications have entered into a very good category; and (2) the results of testing usability aspects averaged over 70%, so that in both aspects the test was considered feasible and good. Although in the aspect of learning games the score shows 70.83% so it needs an increase.

Pie, fry, why: Language play in 3- to 5-year-old children

This study examined the relationship between four common types of language play and their correlations with the verbal and social abilities of 3- to 5-year-old children. While observation has shown that children this age produce a range of play, research has not yet examined whether play is a measurable skill connected to preschoolers’ language development. In this study, we designed four language play elicitation games involving creating rhymes, word switching, word creation, and hyperbolic play. Children’s ability to produce novel play for each game was measured, and classroom teachers filled out assessments of children’s verbal and peer interaction skills. Results indicated that while children’s peer interaction scores were not related to their play scores, verbal skills scores were highly correlated with language play scores, highlighting that for preschoolers the ability to produce common types of language play may be a distinctly verbal skill.

Taking the Devil at his Word: The Devil and Language in the Dialogues of Gregory the Great

In the Dialogues of Gregory the Great (590–604), the devil is sometimes given direct speech in which he is shown protesting his innocence. The devil in these stories is frequently interpreted as comical, trivial and somewhat underwhelming. However, when re-read through the lens of Gregory's exegesis of Genesis iii, and his ideas regarding the devil, sin and language, what emerges is that it is the devil's verbal skill and appearance of harmlessness that make him dangerous. This failure to see the devil's words as a deceptive recapitulation of Genesis iii cannot be separated from the Dialogues’ complex historiography.

Raise your hand if you’re spatial

Individuals differ greatly in how often they gesture when they speak. This study investigated relations between speakers’ verbal and spatial skills and their gesture rates. Two types of verbal skill were measured: semantic fluency, which is thought to index efficiency with lexical access, and phonemic fluency, which is thought to index efficiency with organizing the lexicon in novel ways. Spatial skill was measured with a visualization task. We hypothesized that individuals with low verbal skill but high spatial visualization skill would gesture most often, due to having mental images not closely linked to verbal forms. This hypothesis was supported for phonemic fluency, but not for semantic fluency. We also found that individuals with low phonemic fluency and individuals with high phonemic fluency produced representational gestures at higher rates than individuals with average phonemic fluency. The findings indicate that individual differences in gesture production are associated with individual differences in cognitive skills.

The co-construction of whiteness in an MC battle

Within hip-hop, MC (Master of Cermonies) battles are one of the most visible and potentially humiliating venues for demonstrating one’s verbal skill. Competitors face each other in front of an audience. Each has a minute to “diss” his or her opponent against a backdrop of rhythms produced by a DJ. Each participant’s performance generally consists of “freestyle” or spontaneously generated rhymes designed to belittle some aspect of the opponent’s appearance, rhyming style or place of origin, and ritual insults directed at his or her mother, sister, or crew. Opponents show good will by embracing afterwards. Ultimately the audience decides who wins by applauding louder for one opponent than the other at the end of the battle. Using the framework of interactional sociolinguistics (Goffman 1974, 1981), I will analyze clips from a televised MC battle in which the winning contestant was a White teenager from the Midwest called “Eyedea.” I will show how Eyedea and his successive African American opponents, “R.K.” and “Shells”, participate in the co-construction of his Whiteness. Eyedea marks himself linguistically as White by overemphasizing his pronunciation of /r/ and by carefully avoiding Black ingroup forms of address like “nigga” (c.f. Smitherman 1994). R.K. and Shells construct Eyedea’s Whiteness largely in discursive ways – by pointing out his resemblance to White actors, and alluding to television shows with White cultural references. Socially constructed racial boundaries must be acknowledged in these types of performances because Whiteness (despite the visibility of White rappers like Eminem) is still marked against the backdrop of normative Blackness in hip-hop (Boyd 2002). In a counter-hegemonic reversal of Du Boisian double-consciousness hip-hop obliges White participants to see themselves through the eyes of Black people. Hip-hop effectively subverts dominant discourses of race and language requiring MC battle participants to acknowledge and ratify this covert hierarchy.