Results and Strategies for a Diversity-Oriented Public Health Monitoring in Germany

Germany is a country of immigration; 27% of the population are people with a migration background (PMB). As other countries, Germany faces difficulties in adequately including hard-to-survey populations like PMB into national public health monitoring. The IMIRA project was initiated to develop strategies to adequately include PMB into public health monitoring and to represent diversity in public health reporting. Here, we aim to synthesize the lessons learned for diversity-oriented public health monitoring and reporting in Germany. We also aim to derive recommendations for further research on migration and health. We conducted two feasibility studies (interview and examination surveys) to improve the inclusion of PMB. Study materials were developed in focus groups with PMB. A systematic review investigated the usability of the concept of acculturation. A scoping review was conducted on discrimination as a health determinant. Furthermore, core indicators were defined for public health reporting on PMB. The translated questionnaires were well accepted among the different migrant groups. Home visits increased the participation of hard-to-survey populations. In examination surveys, multilingual explanation videos and video-interpretation services were effective. Instead of using the concept of acculturation, we derived several dimensions to capture the effects of migration status on health, which were more differentiated. We also developed an instrument to measure subjectively perceived discrimination. For future public health reporting, a set of 25 core indicators was defined to report on the health of PMB. A diversity-oriented public health monitoring should include the following: (1) multilingual, diversity-sensitive materials, and tools; (2) different modes of administration; (3) diversity-sensitive concepts; (4) increase the participation of PMB; and (5) continuous public health reporting, including constant reflection and development of concepts and methods.

Efficacy and Safety of Proton Therapy for Medulloblastoma Patients: A Mata-Analysis

Background: Currently, photon therapy is mainly used for radiotherapy, however, the long-term side effects of photon therapy are sometimes reported, especially in children, including cognitive decline, mental decline, growth retardation, endocrine dysfunction and secondary tumor.Compared with photon radiotherapy, proton therapy is a novel method of radiation therapy, which reduces acute and late radiation damage and improves patients’ quality of life. Therefore, we evaluated proton therapy on medulloblastoma patients by meta-analysis in this study. Materials and Methods: A clinical randomized controlled trial was conducted by retrieving the main databases PubMed (Medline), EMbase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Zhi-wang (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. We analyzed the literature which matched the quality criteria for the prognostic impact of proton and photon therapy on medulloblastoma patients. Results: Ten articles were included in this study. The overall survival (OS) rate and side effects were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that proton radiotherapy significantly reduced the side effects and recurrence rate of tumor. Conclusion: Proton therapy could significantly reduce the side effects and recurrence rate of medulloblastoma in patients.

Discrete Primary Education Curriculum in Bangladesh

The curriculum is an essential and integral part of the education system for lifelong learning and better children's outcomes. The sum of experience throughout their schooling journey can be defined as an educational curriculum expressed in a much broader sense. The school's type of school, study materials used, teaching methods, available school facilities, and the qualifications of schoolteachers provided at the end of primary schooling often diverge with different educational curricula due to the government policy dilemma. There is no unified primary education curriculum in Bangladesh's case. More than three mainstream educational curricula can be founded, each with its own unique set of traits, benefits, and shortcomings. This chapter explores what factors affect a school's choice, which is linked with the educational curriculum being offered, and how it affects the student's quality of education. This chapter also explores gamification theory's implementation to ensure quality primary education in Bangladesh.

ANALISIS POLA PENYAJIAN DESKRIPSI PADA NOVEL “SURAT KECIL UNTUK TUHAN” KARYA AGNES DAVONAR SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMILIHAN BAHAN AJAR KELAS XII

The author analyzed the pattern of presenting descriptions in the novel "Surat Kecil untukTuhan" by Agnes Davonar. The purpose of this study is to describe the pattern of presentation of static descriptions, patterns of presentation of moving descriptions, patterns of presentation of outline descriptions, and describing the results of studies on the pattern of presentation of descriptions in the novel "Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan" by Agnes Davonar can be used as a teaching material Indonesian for class XII learners based on the 2013 Curriculum. The research method use is descriptive qualitative method. Therefore, the data obtained in this study are not in the form of numbers, but in the form of descriptions or narratives. The results showed that in the novel "Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan" by Agnes Davonar, there were 9 patterns of description presentation including, 5 static patterns, 3 moving patterns, and 1 skeleton pattern. The results also showed that based on the results of the analysis of the suitability of study materials with the demands of the curriculum, the novel “Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan” can the results of the study have been validated by experts and declared worthy of use as teaching materials.

The Role Of Big Data In The Formation Of Supply Chain Platforms For New Forms Of Online Retail

In the context of internet age, data is growing explosively in the Chinese retail industry. However, there is insufficient research of the theoretical frameworks and interaction relationships between big data, supply chain platforms, and online retail. Through a literature review, an empirical case study survey of Alibaba, and grounded theory, this paper explores how big data helps shape supply chain platforms able to support new forms of online retail. The theoretical framework was validated by testing the reliability and the open coding to process of the case study materials. The results identify the overall antecedents to the formation of the supply chain platform and reveal significant positive effects between big data and new retail. The findings help firms build big-data driven supply chain platforms better able to support new forms of online retail.

Development of a web application for dissemination of educational information

The problem of sharing of educational information and research of components interaction on load distribution from users is considered. Purpose: to implement software to solve this problem. Design a database and project structure. Role-based access to information should be implemented. A user-friendly interface must be created for the software. Develop tests for the program that should be implemented to check the functionality and performance of the program. Use the developed tests to conduct research on load distribution from users. The developed program consists two parts (server and client). They interact using HTTP requests. The server part processes the data and verifies them. The client part receives and provides data to the server part and implements a user-friendly interface. The solution of this problem is implemented in the environments IntelliJ Idea 2020.1 (Ultimate Edition) and WebStorm 2020.1. Java 11 and JavaScript (ECMAScript 6) programming languages were used for implementation. The novelty of the work lies in the development of a program that makes it possible to use the functions necessary for studying at a higher educational institution. For example, providing students with access to study materials, the ability for all users to view their schedule. Instructors can also view the schedule of the groups they teach in the current semester. Each student can revise the teacher's schedule if he teaches at least one subject. Another important function is the management of the structure of the university (management of information about institutes, departments and study groups). We also conducted research on the performance of the program and investigated the possibility of improving the speed of the program in the event of a significant increase in active users.

Kajian Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Meningitis dan Ensefalitis Bakteri di Bangsal Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Rujukan Utama

Inadequate antibiotic therapy for meningitis and bacterial encephalitis is one of the factors that can jeopardize patient safety and turn into a public health issue in a number of nations, including Indonesia. This phenomena has the potential to raise health-care expenses, which should be avoided in the era of the JKN program's implementation. The goal of this research was to describe the profile of antibiotic use and cost in hospitalized meningitis and bacterial encephalitis patients. This cross-sectional observational study took place from January to December 2019. As study materials, patient medical records and billing data were employed. To enhance the data obtained, confirmation with medical and pharmaceutical personnel is required. Antibiotic use and expenditures were described using descriptive analysis. A total of 71 patients, both children and adults, met the study's inclusion criteria. Antibiotics were given to all of the patients, and the results revealed that third generation cephalosporins (49.375%) were the most commonly recommended antibiotic class, either alone or in combination. Antibiotic use receives 46.94% of total medication funding. According to the length of stay category, the majority of patients (45.99 %) were hospitalized for 8-14 days consecutively with antibiotic medication. Antibiotics, which are typically administered to patients with meningitis and bacterial encephalitis, had no effect on the length of stay in the hospital. Antibiotic prescriptions must be carefully reviewed at top referrel hospital, taking into account the local germ map.

Studying peculiarities of variability of speech, language and motor processes in children with dysarthria

Introduction. The author investigates the problem of communicative development of children with dysarthria. The purpose of the research is to reveal the characteristic features of the variability of speech and motor processes in children with dysarthria (in particular, with a mild degree of pseudobulbar dysarthria) and to prove the existence of comorbidity levels of the disorders under study. Materials and Methods. The research is based on international and Russian refereed studies into language and speech, movements for organizing the communicative development of children with dysarthria (L. V. Lopatina, O. G. Prikhodko, T. V. Tumanova, T. B. Filicheva, G. V. Chirkina, Michael Robb, Kathleen Wermke). The research program was complemented by the application of an innovative technology based on biofeedback - Pablo System. The experimental study was conducted at preschool educational settings in Moscow (the Russian Federation). The sample consisted of 450 older preschool children with dysarthria (with a mild degree of pseudobulbar dysarthria) and a similar number of peers without speech disorders. Results. The article describes a modern interdisciplinary problem of studying speech and language and movement disorders in children with dysarthria (mild degree of pseudobulbar dysarthria, erased dysarthria, minimal dysarthric disorders) in the context of determining their codependency and conjugation. The study revealed variative characteristics of speech and language disorders and movement disorders in children with dysarthria. General and specific errors of speech and language and motor disorders in preschoolers of the experimental group were determined. The levels of comorbidity of speech-language and motor processes in children with dysarthria have been identified and scientifically substantiated. Conclusions. In conclusion, the author summarizes the main features of the variability of speech, language and motor processes in children with dysarthria.

Experiences of Students with Visual Impairments at an Open Distance and e-Learning University in South Africa: Counselling Perspective

The purpose of the qualitative study on which this article is based was to explore the experiences of students with visual impairments registered at an Open Distance and e-Learning University in South Africa, through a phenomenological research design. Literature was reviewed on student support in distance education and concepts from the critical disability theory, biopsychosocial model of disability, connectivism and affect theories formed the conceptual framework for the study. Telephonic semi-structured interviews were used as a technique to collect data from seven participants. Data were transcribed and then coded employing ATLAS.ti. The emerged themes centred on students’ counselling experiences, the synergy between the departments, and accessibility of services. It was also determined that students lose academic time due to the lack of resources and study materials in alternative and accessible formats. While policies and implementation plans were claimed to be in place, they do not address the reality on the ground due to a lack of coordination of disability issues, and late referral of students to counselling services. The study recommends the prioritisation of disability issues, and it needs to be incorporated in the wider university’s strategic plan to accelerate its implementation. This will translate to (i) training ICT staff on various computer software programs needed to support students with visual impairments, (ii) developing alternative formative and summative assessments, (iii) developing a graduateness and job readiness intervention programme to empower the students financially and add value to the university’s employment equity agenda, and lastly (iv) putting the disability unit at the centre of all disability matters for coordinating purposes.