Building the Values of Rahmatan Lil 'Alamin for Indonesian Economic Development at 4.0 Era from the Perspective of Philosophy and Islamic Economic Law

This research aims to build the value of rahmatan lil 'alamin in Indonesian economic development at 4.0 era from the perspective of philosophy and shariah economic law. The role of both is considered important regarding with freedom to do any economic activities in Indonesia as the non-Islamic state in the formal term yet at the same time is known as a sharia economic community due to its world’s largest Moslem population. This literature-normative research is qualitative with a statutory, historical, comparative and conceptual approach. It found that first, rahmatan lil 'alamin (sheltering the entire ummah and not exclusive to Moslem only) value enables the philosophy of Islamic law to contribute in developing Indonesian economy. The goal of Islam as a religion to guide its believers toward the happiness of the world and the hereafter and the triangle concept among philosophy of God, human, and nature, for example, make it possible for Islamic economic with its rahmatan lil 'alamin values to cover deficiencies of the conventional economic system. Second, the philosophy of rahmatan lil 'alamin in Islamic economics can be manifested by organizing social services, such as waqf, relying on the spirit of building justice in life, narrowing social gaps, as well as enlivening Islamic values. In the era of 4.0, implementation of the value can be adjusted to recent demands and situations, such as cash waqf, halal industry, halal food, halal tourism and so on(Riset ini bertujuan menggali nilai-nilai rahmatan lil ‘alamin dalam perekonomian Indonesia era 4.0 menurut tinjauan filsafat dan hukum ekonomi syariah. Peran keduanya dianggap penting terkait kebebasan berekonomi dalam konteks Indonesia yang bukan merupakan negara Islam secara formal namun memiliki komunitas ekonomi Syariah sebagai negara Muslim terbesar di dunia. Penelitian kepustakaan-normatif ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sejarah, perbandingan, serta konseptual. Ia sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa, pertama, konsep rahmatan lil ‘alamin yang menaungi seluruh ummat—tidak hanya umat Muslim—memungkinkan filsafat hukum Islam berkontribusi dalam mengembangkan perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan Islam untuk mencapai kebahagiaan dunia-akhirat serta konsep triangle antara filsafat Tuhan, manusia dan alam, misalnya, memungkinkan tertutupinya kekurangan dalam sistem ekonomi konvensional dengan sistem ekonomi Islam. Kedua, nilai rahmatan lil ‘alamin dalam hukum ekonomi Islam dapat diwujudkan dengan menyelenggarakan kegiatan-kegiatan sosial seperti wakaf dengan semangat menciptakan kehidupan yang berkeadilan, mengurangi kesenjangan sosial serta menghidupkan nilai-nilai keislaman. Di era 4.0, implementasi nilai rahmatan lil’alamin dapat disesuaikan dengan tuntutan zaman semisal wakaf tunai, industri halal, makanan halal, wisata halal, dan lain sebagainya)

Philosophy of God in The View of Philosophers

In every episode of human history, every human being must need God. There is no one who is not godless, even though they worship God according to their respective perceptions of God himself. According to historians, human devotion to God, the Creator is something that is both essential and existential needs of every human being. This fact can be seen also in the historical-sociological intellectual exploration conducted by Karen Armstrong about the search for humanity against God. From classical times to modern times, in Armstrong's search it turns out that every human being always constructs the concept of God. It is done by theologians, philosophers, Sufis, or reformers. Therefore, this article will explore the existence of God in the perspectives of philosophers which includes ontological arguments, cosmological arguments, teleological arguments, moral arguments, and arguments of religious experience.

TOWARDS A PHILOSOPHY OF GOD. A STUDY IN WILLIAM DESMOND’S THOUGHT

William Desmond is professor of philosophy at the Hoger Instituut of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, a position he has held since 1994. Before this he held several positions in the US. Until 2009 he was President of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, and has formerly served as President of the Hegel Society of America and the Metaphysical Society of America. He was born in Ireland. God and the Between (2008) completes the trilogy on the ‘philosophy of the between’. The first volume was Being and the Between (1995); the second one Ethics and the Between (2001).

Nurt fenomenologiczno-egzystencjalny w polskiej współczesnej filozofii Boga

The main followers of phenomenological-existential trend in the field of philosophy of God in Poland are: Marian Jaworski, Józef Tischner and Karol Tarnowski. Jaworski united thomistic arguments for existence of God with augustian philosophy of subject and personal-axiological experience. Tischner completely rejected thomism and his philosophy of God based on anthropology and personal values. Tarnowski also was critical toward ontological-cosmological arguments for existence of God. He is fallower of G. Marcel and therefore accepted religious faith as basis of theism.