SOYBEAN SYMBIOTIC POTENTIAL DEPENDING ON THE STRAIN OF NODULE BACTERIA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of various strains of nodule bacteria on the formation of the symbiotic potential of soybeans in the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. KEYWORDS: Soybeans, nodules, symbiosis, bacteria, strains, nitrogen fixation, potential.

Ways to increase bean productivity and quality with different growing technologies

The aim of the research was: to study ways to increase the productivity of beans by combining in a single process fertilizer, pre-sowing seed treatment with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, growth stimulants of biological origin, micronutrients in the form of negligence. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations of plant development (development phases and stages of organogenesis), morphological - on the formation of elements of productivity, leaf apparatus and duration of its functioning, morphophysiological - on the dynamics of development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, growth stimulants and microfertilizers to increase the productivity of beans and its quality. It is established that the maximum yield of beans - 2.81 t / ha (in 2018 3.30 t / ha) at the level of absolute control, respectively 1.05 t / ha was formed on the option, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of P60K60 + N30 + N30 kg / ha d.r., sowing of seeds treated with a strain of nodule bacteria BTU - p and joint treatment of crops with growth stimulants in the physique of branching and budding with microfertilizers in the budding phase. The maximum increase in yield was 0.92 t / ha, and 0.86 t / ha from the application of fertilizers was obtained with the application of P60K60 + N30 + N15 and P 0 K0 + N30 + N30, with the control of 1.05 t / ha. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r provided an increase in yield - 0.24 - 0.39 t / ha. The use of growth stimulator in the technology of cultivation provided an increase in crop productivity by 1.04 t / ha on the background without seed inoculation, with inoculation - 2.22 t / ha compared to the absolute control (1.05 t / ha). Co-application of growth stimulant with microfertilizers on crops yielded 2.41 t / ha with a protein content of 20.39%.

THE EFFECT OF ALFALFA INOCULATION BY NODULE BACTERIA STRAINS ON HE AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PERMAFROST SOILS OF CENTRAL YAKUTIA

The long-term experimental data of studies on the influence of nodule bacteria strains on alfalfa yield, improving the quality of the resulting product, increasing agrochemical indicators of permafrost soils of Central Yakutia are presented.

Influence of metal nanocarboxylates and different water supply conditions on efficiency of soybean-rhizobial symbiotic systems

Insufficient water supply is one of the main factors that significantly reduce the activity of nitrogen fixation by legume-rhizobial symbiotic systems. That is why comprehensive research on aspects of their resistance to water stress and the search for scientifically substantiated ways to improve the existing ones and develop modern, competitive technologies of growing legumes in arid conditions are becoming especially relevant. The aim of the work was to investigate the processes of formation and functioning of soybean-rhizobial symbiotic systems developed under conditions of different water supply and influence of nanocarboxylates of cobalt, ferum, germanium, chromium, сuprum and molybdenum. The nanoparticles of specified metal nanocarboxylates were used as components of the inoculation suspension of rhizobia of Tn5 mutant B1-20 for soybean seed treatment. A model drought lasting 14 days was created by controlled irrigation. Microbiological and physiological research methods were used in the study. We determined that insufficient water supply caused a significant decrease in the nodulation potential of rhizobia and the intensity of molecular nitrogen fixation by symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean plants and nodule bacteria without adding these metal nanocarboxylates to the inoculation suspension. Application of most of the metal nanocarboxylates used as components of the inoculation suspension mitigated the negative impact of stress on the investigated parameters. The study revealed the stimulating effect of cobaltnanocarboxylate on the activity of molecular nitrogen fixation, which was more pronounced in the conditions of insufficient water supply. Symbiotic soybean systems formed with the participation of nodule bacteria containing germaniumcarboxylate nanoparticles were proved to be the least sensitive to the negative impact of insufficient water supply. This was indicated by high rates of nodulation and nitrogen-fixing activity compared with other studied symbiotic systems. We confirmed that the addition of chromium nanocarboxylate to the inoculation suspension of rhizobia provided the highest rates of nodulation and nitrogen-fixing activity of soybean root nodules under optimal growing conditions and, at the same time, had no noticeable positive effect under water stress. We determined that сuprum and molybdenum nanocarboxylates, as components of the inoculation suspension, regardless of the water supply level, had a less notable positive effect on the processes of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation, and in some cases even led to a decrease in the investigated values for control plants. Thus, the study demonstrated that the use of germanium, cobalt and ferum nanocarboxylates as components of the bacterial suspension helped to increase the adaptation of the formed legume-rhizobial symbiotic systems to water stress, as evidenced by the maximum indexes of nodulation and molecular nitrogen fixation in the context of insufficient water supply and recovery of their level to optimal after the stress influence had ended. Based on the results, it was concluded that inoculation of seeds by the complex bacterial preparations made on the basis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum B1-20 with a content of germanium, cobalt and ferum nanocarboxylates in the concentration of 1:1000 can become one of the important means in soybean growing technologies of increasing the nitrogen-fixing potential and resistance of plants to insufficient water supply.

Hop-like alfalfa as an object of introduction into culture

It was found that the most promising strains of nodule bacteria XM1 and 412b are the most promising for inoculation of the Mira variety, the former increased the collection of dry matter by 96%, the latter by 81%, seeds by 115 and 73%. Strain XM1 was isolated from the nodules of the same wild population of alfalfa in the hop-like Moscow region from which the variety Mira was formed by the method of chemical mutagenesis. Strains 412b and XM 1 can be recommended for pre-sowing inoculation of the Mira variety when cultivated for feed and seeds, and the XM6 strain - when cultivated for seeds. The latter increases the seed yield by 84%, and the green mass by only 31%. Strains XM2, XM5 and XM6 shift the metabolism of the alfalfa-rhizobial system towards an increase in the number of seeds. The proportion of seeds increases to 24-31% of the mass of the entire plant, in other symbiotic systems this figure is 19-22%. A promising breeding number of hop alfalfa VIC 26 has been created, which is 58% more productive than the Mira variety when grown in the traditional way and by 65% when inoculated with the A2 strain.

Еvaluation the efficiency of chemical and biological preparations interaction for pre-seed treatment of soybean

The presented study is based on the need for joint use of chemical and biological products for the effective development of agriculture and cultivation of legumes in particular. The influence of inoculation and chemical pesticides on the processes of growth, development and formation of soybean seed yield has been studied, morphological features of soybean plants have been revealed; the influence of chemical pesticides and bacterial preparations on the development and productivity of soybeans, taking into account hydrothermal conditions, has been researched. The authors have analyzed peculiarities of Kofu soybean productivity formation, depending on inoculation with preparations based on specific nodule bacteria B. japonicum Rizolik Top with Premax protector, HighCot Super + HighCot Super Extender, Optimize and chemical pesticides Sistiva and Gaucho Plus in Polissya area of Chernihiv region. It has been experimentally proventhat the use of Rizolik Top inoculant with Premax protector and additional treatment with Sistiva and Gaucho Plus chemicals, even in the presence of a local population of nodule bacteria, provided an increase in yield, in the number of active nodules and plant height. The influence of lack of sufficient moisture and high air temperatures on the symbiosis of the root system of soybeans with nodule bacteria, which leads to a decrease in grain yield and quality has been determined. The influence of inoculants on increasing the productivity of symbiotic soybean-rhizobial systems under the action of adverse environmental conditions has been proved. The specificity of the soil-climatic zone, varietal characteristics of plants and the level of agriculture inherent in the economy confirm the importance of the research conducted for agroecology. It’s recommended to focus the prospects for further research on the use of higher doses of inoculants in seed treatment to avoidthe risk of reducing the effectiveness of microbial drugs due to the negative effects of chemical pesticides.

Realization of protective and symbiotic properties of soybeans using fungicide seed treatment

Aim. The elaboration of efficient legume-rhizobial symbiosis systems, involving active strains of nodule bacteria, in the combination with fungicide seed treatment may be an alternative method of providing ecologically friendly nitrogen sources to plants and promoting their tolerance to the external factors, which is relevant for preservation and restoration of envi- ronmental quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment with fungi- cides, which differ in the action spectrum of active substances – Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/l, thiophanate-methyl, 225 g/l, pyraclostrobin, 25 g/l) and Maxim XL (fludioxonyl, 25 g/l, metalaxyl, 10 g/l), on the intensity of the development of lipid peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase and nitrogen fixation activity in soybeans on the early stages of forming legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of a bacterial culture, seed inoculation), physiological (vegetative experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometric determination of the content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase; measuring the nitrogen-fixation activity using a gas chro- matography). Results. It was found that pre-sowing fungicide treatment of soybean seeds and subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b did not result in the change in the content of TBA-active products in roots and root nodules (the values of indices were within the experiment deviation). At the same time, after seed inoculation using rhizobia and treat- ment with Maxim XL, there was an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the roots from 20.3 to 30.8 %, and with Standak Top – from 20.0 to 29.8 % during the early stages of ontogenesis till the formation of the third ternate leaf. Here, the activity of the enzyme in root nodules increased by 24.7–40.3 % at the fungicidal effect. Our data demonstrate that the combination of fungicide seed treatment and inoculation with active rhizobia does not induce lipid peroxidation processes, but promotes the initiation of protective antioxidant properties in soybeans. It is accompanied with efficient functioning of the symbiotic apparatus, which is manifested in the increase in nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria, formed by active rhizobia of strain 634b after the seed treatment with Standak Top – by 98.3 and 78.1 % and after Maxim XL – by 78.6 and 196.2 % respectively, during the stages of the second and third ternate leaves. Conclusions. The pre-sowing soybean seed treatment with fungicides Standak Top and Maxim XL and the subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b does not induce the development of lipid peroxidation processes, but increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, ascor- bate peroxidase, in the roots and root nodules, which is accompanied with the efficient work of the symbiotic apparatus on the early stages of determining legume-rhizobial symbiosis. This method of seed treatment may be a novel measure, to use in the technologies of cultivating soybeans to enhance the realization of the symbiotic potential and meet the needs of plants in ecologically friendly nitrogen, and to promote the formation of their tolerance to the corresponding cultivation conditions.

STUDY OF THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF MUTANT STRAINS OF ROOT NODULE AND PGPR BACTERIA, PROMISING AS A BASIS OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS

В статье приведены результаты исследования биосовместимости мутантных штаммов клубеньковых и PGPR бактерий (ризобактерий) с целью их совместного применения для культур маша и фасоли. По результатам проведенных исследований определены штаммы, проявившие контактную прогрессию и нейтралитет - Pseudomonas putidaМ-1 и Phyllobacterium sp. 35М; штаммы Bacillus subtilis М-2 и Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae 1М оказались наиболее перспективными в отношении совместного культивирования.Таким образом, подобраны консорциумы на основе мутантных штаммов азотфиксирующих и ростостимулирующих бактерий Pseudomonas putida М-1 и Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae для растений маша и Bacillus subtilis М-2 и Phyllobacterium sp. 35М - для растений фасоли. Полученные результаты открывают возможность комбинирования мутантных штаммов PGPR с ростостимулирующей активностью (Pseudomonas putida М-1, Bacillus subtilis М-2) и клубеньковыхбактерий (Phyllobacterium sp. 35М, Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae) с азотфиксирующей активностью с целью получения на их основе биопрепарата с сочетанными свойствами. The article presents the results of a study of the biocompatibility of mutant strains of nodule and PGPR bacteria with the aim of their combined use for mung bean and beans. According to the results of the studies, the strains that showed contact progression and neutrality were identified - Pseudomonas putida M-1 and Phyllobacterium sp. 35M; strains Bacillus subtilis M-2 and Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae 1M proved to be the most promising for co-cultivation. Thus, consortia were selected based on mutant strains of nitrogen-fixing and growth-stimulating bacteria Pseudomonas putida M-1 and Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae for mung bean and Bacillus subtilis M-2 and Phyllobacterium sp.35M for bean plants. The results obtained open up the possibility of combining mutant PGPR strains with growth-stimulating activity (Pseudomonas putida M-1, Bacillus subtilis M-2) and nodule bacteria with nitrogen-fixing activity (Phyllobacterium sp. 35M, Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae) in order to obtain a biological product with combined properties on their basis.