INTERACTION OF THROMBOLYTIC PROTEINASES COMPLEX LONGOLITIN AND ITS PRODUCER — MYCELIAL FUNGUS ARTHROBOTRYS LONGA — WITH ANTITHROMBOTIC DRUG PIYAVIT

Цель исследования: изучение взаимодействия комплекса протеолитических ферментов препарата лонголитин из анаморфного гриба Arthrobotrys longa с антикоагулянтным и антитромботическим препаратом пиявитом. Материалы и методы. Препарат пиявит смешивали в разных разведениях с различными концентрациями лонголитина и определяли фибринолитическую активность (ФА) смеси. В другой серии опытов пиявит добавляли в погруженную культуру гриба-продуцента. По окончании эксперимента в пробах культуральной жидкости (КЖ) определяли ФА. Антикоагулянтные свойства КЖ измеряли методом рекальцификации и записи тромбоэластограммы при добавлении КЖ к плазме крови здоровых интактных крыс. Результаты. В опытах in vitro пиявит дозозависимо угнетал ФА лонголитина до полного ее подавления при концентрации 16 мг/мл. Добавление пиявита к культуре гриба-продуцента вызывало усиление биосинтеза препарата с увеличением ФА. КЖ при этом обладала высокой антикоагулянтной активностью. Время рекальцификации и показатель R тромбоэластограммы в КЖ были статистически достоверно удлинены, увеличивалась и антиполимеризационная активность КЖ. Заключение. Совместное применение двух антитромботических средства (лонголитина и пиявита) в исследовании in vitro привело к уменьшению фибринолитических, а значит, и тромболитических свойств лонголитина. Таким образом, одновременное использование этих препаратов требует осторожности. Aim: to study the interaction of Longolitin (complex of proteolytic enzymes from anamorphic fungus Arthrobotrys longa) with anticoagulative and antithrombotic drug Piyavit. Materials and methods. We mixed diff erent dilutions of Piyavit with various concentrations of Longolitin and determined fibrinolytic activity (FA) of the mixture. In other experimental series we added Piyavit to submerged culture of the fungus-producer. At the end of the experiment we determined FA in culture liquid samples (CL). Anticoagulative properties of CL were measured by recalcification method and thromboelastograms recording with CL addition to blood plasma of healthy intact rats. Results. In in vitro experiments Piyavit dose-dependently inhibited FA of Longolitin until it’s completely suppression at concentration of 16 mg/ml. Piyavit addition to the culture of fungus-producer caused the enhancement of drug biosynthesis with FA increasing. At the same time CL had a high anticoagulative activity. Recalcifi cation time and parameter R of thromboelastogram in CL were statistically signifi cant elongated, also CL anti-polymerization activity increased. Conclusion. Combined application of two antithrombotic agents (Longolitin and Piyavit) in in vitro study led to decreasing of fibrinolytic, and so thrombolytic properties of Longolitine. Thus, the simultaneous use of these drugs requires caution. Adding piyavit to the culture of the producer fungus led to an increase in the biosynthesis of the preparation. Thus, caution is needed at simultaneous using of these drugs.

Fungi Associated With Common Spices In Bangladesh

Association of fungi in chili (Capsicum fruticance L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated. A total of 19 species of fungi under ten genera and one sterile mycelial fungus was isolated from the three spices. Out of ten genera three belong to Phycomycetes, one genus belongs to Ascomycetes and rest belongs to Deuteromycetes. The most frequent contaminants of the spices were Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, A. flavus Link, Fusarium nivale, Pestalotia sp. and Rhizopus sp. Dried fruits of the spices showed maximum number of fungal association in comparison with the respective commercial brand powder samples. Out of three plant extracts. A. sativum was found to inhibit the growth of all the test isolates at all concentrations. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 179-186, December 2014

Fungi associated with the North American spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis

Fungi were isolated from individual Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) collected from six populations in Alaska, Colorado, Utah, and Minnesota, U.S.A. In all populations, Leptographium abietinum (Peck) Wingfield was the most commonly isolated mycelial fungus (91–100% of beetles). All beetles in all populations were associated with yeasts and some with only yeasts (0–5%). In one population, Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf. was also present on 5% of the beetles but always in combination with L. abietinum and yeasts. Ophiostoma piceae (Munch) H. & P. Sydow was found on 2% of beetles in another population. Ceratocystis rufipenni Wingfield, Harrington & Solheim, previously reported as an associate of D. rufipennis, was not isolated from beetles in this study. Ceratocystis rufipenni is a virulent pathogen of host Picea, which has led to speculation that C. rufipenni aids the beetle in overcoming tree defenses and therefore contributes positively to the overall success of the beetle during colonization. However, our results, considered along with those of others, indicate that C. rufipenni may be absent from many populations of D. rufipennis and may be relatively rare in those populations in which it is found. If this is true, C. rufipenni may be only a minor or incidental associate of D. rufipennis and, as such, not likely to have significant impacts on beetle success or population dynamics. Alternatively, the rarity of C. rufipenni in our and others isolations may be due to difficulties in isolating this fungus in the presence of other faster growing fungi such as L. abietinum.