A global consumer decision model of intellectual property theft

Purpose Intellectual property theft amounts to billions of dollars per year worldwide. The first step in stemming this loss is to understand the underlying precursors of this behavior. This paper aims to propose and test a model of consumer choice to purchase or pirate intellectual property, specifically music. This paper combines and applies the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and Becker’s theory of crime to develop a more comprehensive model of digital piracy behavior. Culture was tested as an antecedent to the attitudes and the perceptions of risk associated with music piracy. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 4,618 participants was conducted across 23 countries. Construct measures were validated using confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL. A conceptual model was tested using logistic structural equation modeling in MPlus. Respondents were asked about the last music they acquired to test a behavioral model of music piracy. Findings The results indicated that culture, specifically rule orientation and uncertainty avoidance, had a significant impact on attitudes toward the music industry, ethical perceptions of music piracy and risk perceptions. Respondents’ ethical perceptions of downloading had the highest impact on music piracy behavior. The personal/copy risk associated with the illegal downloading of music had a significant impact while the relative channel risk did not. The market value, quality and selection also had a significant impact on downloading behavior, as did the respondent's ability to find and download music. Research limitations/implications While this paper was limited by focusing on the illegal downloading of music, the results can provide guidance in the design of future research concerning the piracy and unlicensed downloading of other types of intellectual properties such as movies/videos, TV, paywall content and e-books. Practical implications In recent years, improved access to music and video through online streaming and online stores has significantly decreased music piracy. This research indicated that further inroads into this behavior could be made through better online purchase access and through consumer education about the ethics and results of digital downloading. Further, efforts are more efficient by targeting cultures with lower levels of rule orientation with ethics education and targeted risk messages in countries with higher uncertainty avoidance. Social implications Yearly losses to the music industry amount to about $5-29bn. Many find music and video downloading and “sharing” as acceptable. The model developed in this research has implications to affect this mass loss of revenue to the music industry and perhaps the societal view of downloading behavior that is illegal but commonly accepted. Originality/value This model is the first to integrate cultural aspects into models of digital piracy. In addition, the model is developed from a strong theoretical base (TRA and Becker’s theory of crime) to integrate multiple antecedents to intellectual property theft research.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENCIPTA LAGU DALAM WEBSITE PENYEDIA JASA DOWNLOAD LAGU GRATIS BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA

Hak Cipta merupakan salah satu jenis Hak Kekayaan Intelektual yang di atur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta (selanjutnya di sebut UUHC). Perlindungan hak cipta lagu di atur dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) huruf d UUHC yang termasuk dalam ruang lingkup Hak Cipta. Semakin canggihnya teknologi elektronik dan banyaknya pengguna lagu menggunakan website yang sebagian besar tidak diketahui domisilinya menyebabkan Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta lagu-lagu tersebut sangat kesulitan untuk melakukan perjanjian lisensi dan menarik royalti yang digunakan users. Hal tersebut yang menimbulkan pelanggaran Hak Ekonomi pencipta atau pengguna hak cipta atas karya ciptanya. UUHC telah mengatur mengenai penggunaan hak cipta, hak-hak yang terdapat dalam hak cipta, jangka waktu hak cipta, dan sanksi berupa ketentuan perdata dan pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta lagu yang terjadi di media internet yang dilakukan oleh pengguna internet, bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran dan upaya pemerintah dalam memberantas pelanggaran hak cipta lagu di internet. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan yaitu penelitian yang mengutamakan bahan hukum yang berupa peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai acuan dasar dalam melakukan penelitian. Sifat penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, bahan hukum tersier. Dari hasil penelitian dapat di ketahui upaya pemerintah dalam melindungi hak cipta lagu dan penegakan hukum yang di atur dalam Pasal 113 ayat (1) dan (4) UUHC serta bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran yang dilakukan pelaku pelanggaran yang menimbulkan kerugian terhadap pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta atas karya ciptanya. Karena kurangnya kesadaran dari pengguna internet dalam menghargai karya cipta orang lain dan kebiasaan untuk memiliki atau mendapatkan sesuatu dengan cara gratis. Disarankan kepada Pemerintah untuk mengambil langkah serius dalam menanggapi masalah pelanggaran hak cipta lagu khususnya dalam illegal downloading. Dan diharapkan kepada pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta lagu untuk melakukan pedaftaran atas ciptaannya hal ini dapat mencapai keadaan yang kondusif dalam penanganan hak cipta.

Penegakan Hukum Hak Cipta Terhadap Pembajakan Film Secara Daring

Hak cipta merupakan hak eksklusif pencipta yang timbul secara otomatis berdasarkan prinsip deklaratif setelah suatu ciptaan diwujudkan dalam bentuk nyata tanpa mengurangi pembatasan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Pelanggaran hak cipta bisa memberi dampak buruk bagi penciptanya, sering kali pelanggaran hak cipta membuat pemilik dari hak cipta mengalami kerugian ekonomi. Dalam hal ini, tentunya perlindungan hukum hak cipta harus ditegakkan. Karya sinematografi yaitu film yang seharusnya dilindungi hak penciptanya oleh Undang-Undang Hak Cipta, tetapi dalam kenyataannya banyak yang melakukan pembajakan digital dan illegal downloading dari film aslinya. Kemajuan teknologi sekarang ini membawa dampak yang baik sekaligus dampak yang buruk. Pembajakan digital di era sekarang yang semakin marak. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat mengenai penegakan hukum hak cipta merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya pelanggaran hak cipta seperti download film online. Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana dampak buruk download film melalui cara yang tidak legal atau pembajakan digital serta penegakan hak cipta dalam menghadapi masalah illegal downloading. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan Statute Approach.

Movie piracy: how novelty-seeking relates to illegal downloading

Purpose Movie piracy is triggered by the release delay of new movies in various countries, especially if novelty awareness is considered an asset among peers. Therefore, novelty seeking becomes a relevant factor in the illegal downloading of movies, especially among a younger population that has a higher propensity to novelty seeking. The purpose of this paper is to study novelty seeking in the context of illegal downloading of movies among a young population. More specifically, this study will highlight the relation of novelty seeking with the frequency of illegal downloading of movies and attitudes towards piracy in general. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on data that were obtained via survey in Lithuania. The use of SEM allowed development of a model that integrates novelty seeking with the more typical factors of digital piracy. Findings The study shows a relation between novelty seeking, attitudes towards piracy and the frequency of illegal downloading of movies. Originality/value The study shows the importance of novelty seeking in the context of movie piracy. It specifies the relation of novelty seeking with attitude and behaviour, highlighting directions for further research.

Death by streaming or vinyl revival? Exploring the spatial dynamics and value-creating strategies of independent record shops in Stockholm

The contemporary retail landscape is in flux, and there is a growing perception that shopping at bricks and mortar stores is more expensive and time-consuming than shopping online. For music, illegal downloading and streaming have restructured the retail landscape and put thousands of record shops out of business. Yet, some retailers remain attractive consumption spaces. Drawing on a qualitative case study of independent record shops in Stockholm, this article considers three value-creating strategies that sustain these physical retailers in the digital age: cultivating in-store consumer experiences, creating value through curation, and tapping into global markets by going online.

Why go to pop concerts? The motivations behind live music attendance

Recent technological innovations have facilitated widespread illegal downloading of recorded music. While this points towards a decreased willingness to pay for music, the increase in the popularity of live music suggests otherwise. This is especially so when taking into account the rising cost of concert tickets, likely the result of reduced recorded music revenues. In the present study, a consideration of the unique motivations of why music fans decide on whether or not to attend live concerts is of interest. Drawing from a sample of 249 participants (55.02% female) with a mean age of 26.49, an open-ended questionnaire was analysed thematically with four key themes defined: Experience, Engagement, Novelty and Practical. The results highlight that participants want to “be there”, to be a part of something unique and special, sharing the experience with likeminded others. Other social dimensions such as the use of live music events as a means to demonstrate fan worship were also found. The unknown, novel aspects of live music were key motivators, such as hearing new material and watching support bands. Notably, price was not a contributing factor when choosing to attend a concert, suggesting that live music offers fans something special that they are more than willing to pay for.