Аналіз фітосанітарного стану Херсонської області за поширенням карантинних бур’янів

Мета дослідження – аналіз фітосанітарного стануХерсонської області за поширенням карантинних бур’я-нів, зазначених у списку А–2 «Перелік регульованихшкідливих організмів» і визначення тенденцій зміни зас-мічених площ за окремими видами. Методи. Аналіз про-ведено у період з 01.01.2016 до 01.01.2021 рр. на основіданих Державної служби України з питань безпечностіхарчових продуктів та захисту споживачів за такимивидами обмежено поширених карантинних бур’янів:гірчак повзучий Acroptilon repens L., амброзія полино-листа Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., ценхрус довгоголковийCеnchrus longispinus Fernald, повитиця польова Cuscutacampestris Junk. та паслін колючий Solanum rostratum Dunal. Під час дослідження використовували загаль-нонаукові методи, застосовували варіаційний методматематичної статистики. Результати. Забур’яненаамброзією полинолистою площа станом на перше січня2016–2021 рр. зменшилася від 277011,3 до 275350,6 га.Площа, засмічена гірчаком повзучим, скоротилася від203162,4 до 199808,6 га і залишалася стабільною про-тягом останніх трьох років. Станом на 01.01.2016 р. цен-хрус довгоголковий зареєстровано на площі 21606,5 га,з 01.01.2017 р. площа його поширення зменшилася до20052,2 га та була незмінною останні п’ять років. Площа,забур’янена повитицею польовою, скоротилась у дослі-джуваний період від 6052,7 до 5242,0 га. Паслін колючийна території країни було виявлено тільки в Херсонськійобласті на площі 134,0 га. Аналіз структури площ, засмі-чених обмежено поширеними видами бур’янів, свідчитьпро те, що основну їхню частину в Херсонській областізареєстровано в господарствах усіх форм власності.Паслін колючий був поширений тільки в господарствах.Висновки. У період із 01.01.2016 до 01.01.2021 рр.у Херсонській області спостерігалася тенденція змен-шення площ, засмічених гірчаком повзучим, амброзієюполинолистою, ценхрусом довгоголковим та повити-цею польовою. Ступінь варіювання площ поширеннязазначених видів бур’янів за роками був незначним, щопідтверджується результатами статистичного аналізу.Незмінною в Херсонській області залишалася площапасльону колючого.

Weed communities with alien plant species on the south-east area of the Orenburg Region

The presence of agrocoenotic factors constantly acting on segmental (weed-field) communities leads to a high level of community invasion - a potential opportunity to accept new species. In many cases, it is through synanthropic communities that invasions of alien species occur in the Urals, which cause significant damage to both agriculture and the entire economy of the region as a whole. The aim of investigation is to survey and identify the coenotic diversity of communities involving alien species in the steppe zone of the southeastern part of the Orenburg Region. The paper provides data on weed communities with the participation of Acroptilon repens , the Sisymbrium volgense and Artemisia sieversiana . Communities were identified in spring wheat crops in the southeast of the Orenburg Region (Dombarovsky and Svetlinsky administrative districts). Communities develop on dark chestnut soils in arid conditions of the steppe zone. As a result of a synaxonomic analysis, communities were classified into three new variants of the association Lactucetum tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 previously described in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Perennial weed species prevail in the agrobiological spectrum of the coenoflora nucleus of the studied segetal communities, the share of which is 70%. The most active of them are root-sprung perennials, which are found with high constancy and often dominate: Acroptilon repens , Fallopia convolvulus , Cirsium arvense , Convolvulus arvensis , Lactuca tatarica , Euphorbia virgata . Using the indirect ordination method (DCA), the features of ecological differentiation of communities are demonstrated. The studied phytocoenoses are associated with the driest habitats with poor soils.

Effect of Afghan Talkhak (Acroptilon Repens) Aqueous Extract on Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic Rats

The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effect of Afghan talkhak (Acroptilon Repens) root aqueous extract on blood glucose level of diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (1 Normal, 1 Diabetic and 3 extract groups). Experimental diabetes was induced by single-dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) in diabetic and extracts groups. 72 hour later, the induction of diabetes was approved and extract groups were received Acroptilon Repens aqueous extract (200, 300, 400 mg/kg) by i.p. administration for 15 days. The blood glucose level and body weight of all groups were measured on baseline, 0, 5, 10 and 15th days. The glucose tolerance test had performed on days 0 and 15. The results showed that aqueous extract of Afghan Acroptilon Repens in extract groups (200 and 300 mg/kg) could significantly decrease the blood glucose level, and improve the glucose tolerance, as compared with the diabetic group (P<0.0001). However, there was not a significant difference in the blood glucose level and glucose tolerance test among the group which received 400 mg/kg dose of Acroptilon Repens and the diabetic group (P>0.05). In conclusion, Acroptilon Repens root aqueous extract possessed antihyperglycemic activity.

BIOLOGY OF ACROPTILON REPENS (L.) DC. IN THE SOUTH URALS

The article provides information on the biology of Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. This species is a perennial root weed from the Asteraceae family. It is included in the list of quarantine plants of the Russian Federation. In the South Urals the species appeared not long ago and is classified as potentially invasive. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the first record of the species dates back to 2013. The aim of the research was to study the biological characteristics and parameters of coenopopulations (CP) of a dangerous quarantine plant under new living conditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan in comparison with the previously formed invasive coenopopulations of the Orenburg region. Three localities of invasion of A. repens were examined (1 in the Republic of Bashkortostan and 2 in the Orenburg region) during the expedition trips in 2018. The research specifies that the maximum height of plants (47.9 cm) and most other morphometric parameters are registered in the Shkunovka CP. The highest percentage of the species participation in the community is also observed there (82.9 %). The largest number of shoots per 1 m2 (31.3) was found in the Kumertau CP. The Divnopolye CP and Shkunovka CP have similar indexes of morphometric parameters. The Kumertau CP is different from the CPs of Orenburg region in most parameters. Predominance of individuals of the highest class is noted in two coenopopulations of Orenburg region. They are classified as prosperous coenopopulations and Kumertau CP as a depressive one. The discriminant analysis proves that in all coenopopulations of A. repens, individuals are morphostructurally different, with no overlap between them. The Kumertau CP is phenotypically the most distant from the Divnopolye CP and Shkunovka CP.

Acroptilon repens induces apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma

Evaluating the effect of herbal extracts has been always interesting for cancer researchers considering that these natural materials could be suitable sources for finding new anti-cancer agents. In the present study, Acroptilon repens methanol extract had been evaluated for its cytotoxic effects in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, using MTT assay. The apoptosis potential had also been evaluated using annexin-V/propidium iodide assay, Hoechst 33258 staining and evaluating the cell cycle with flow cytometery. The MTT results showed cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 69.2 and 32.6 μg/mL for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells, respectively. The results of the apoptosis assays confirmed the apoptosis potential of the plant extract in the breast cancer cell lines suggesting A. repens for further cancer studies.