PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS (ROSACEAE) GROWING IN EASTERN SIBERIA

The present work aimed at the study of the phenolic compounds of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae) growing in Eastern Siberia. The quantitative content of flavonoids in S. officinalis extracts determined by the spectrophotometric method was 0.68–5.41% in herb and 0.20–0.51% in rhizomes and roots. Catechin content was 0.05–0.75% in herb and 0.08–9.86% in rhizomes and roots, and procyanidin content found with spectrophotometric Porter method was 0.02–1.45% in herb and 0.08–1.05% in rhizomes and roots. Regression analysis of the relationships “latitude / longitude / altitude – phenolic compounds content” showed the high values of the correlation coefficient for the catechin content in herb and roots of S. officinalis and the longitude of the place of growth, as well as altitude. The content of flavonoids in the herb and roots of S. officinalis was connected with the longitude and latitude of the collection place. The values of procyanidin content in S. officinalis organs and geographic indicators have fewer relationships. Using the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method, chromatographic profiles of the herb and rhizomes and roots of S. officinalis was investigated. The data of chromatographic mobility, UV and mass spectra allowed estimating 52 compounds, including 45 in herb and 31 in rhizomes and roots. The members of seven groups of phenolic compounds have been found in S. officinalis, including gallotannins, flavonol-O-glycosides, procyanidins, ellagotannins, hydroxycinnamates, catechins, and pyrones, of which 12 are previously described for the species and the presence of 40 components, has been shown for the first time in the species.

METHODS OF PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF ISOALANTHOLACTONE AND ALANTHOLACTONE FROM ELE-CAMPANE ROOT

Alantolactone and isoalantolactone accumulate in large quantities in elecampane (Inula helenium L.) roots, however, their isolation in individual states is difficult due to the same chromatographic mobility. This work presents various working methods for producing alantolactone and isoalantolactone as individual substances from elecampane root in multigram quantities. Although alantolactone and isoalantolactone can be isolated simultaneously when separated on silica gel with impregnated silver nitrate, it is more practical to obtain alantolactone or isoalantolactone from the extract of elecampane roots separately. Pure isoalantolactone can be isolated by repeated crystallization from 75% aqueous methanol. Another, faster, method of producing isoalantolactone is to react a mixture of elecampane lactones with dimethylamine or morpholine. Isoalantolactone in the form of an adduct with an amine is readily separated by crystallization and then regenerated through the preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt. Alantolactone is conveniently produced in large quantities through the oxidation of isoalantolactone in a mixture of selenium dioxide to more polar lactones, which are separated chromatographically. Hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide or potassium periodate can be used as co-oxidizing agents.

Detection of antibiotics, active against Bacillus subtilis, in grain and feed

Aim. Detection of antibiotic substances in samples of grain, extraction cake, and oilcake. Methods. The bioautography method using strains of Bacillus subtilis as test-microorganisms was used to study 102 samples of feed substrates (corn, maize gluten, barley, wheat, sorghum, chaff, dust middling, sunfl ower oilcake and extraction cake, soybean meal, feed yeast and grains). Results. From one to four antibiotic substances, inhibiting the growth of B. subtilis and characterized by a wide range of values of chromatographic mobility index, were detected in 95 % of samples of feed substrates. Average areas of the zones of absent growth of a test- microorganism, corresponding to 2.5 g of the sample, were in the range of 52–217 mm 2 . Conclusions. It was established that feeder grain and other feed substrates are highly contaminated with antibiotics which indicates the necessity of their identifi cation, search for contamination sources, study of prevalence and estimation of the possible impact on the indices of health, performance and reproduction of farm animals and poultry.

Derivatization in Mass Spectrometry—1. Silylation

This is the first of a series of reviews on the application of derivatization in mass spectrometry. A description is given of advances in silylation as a powerful tool used for increasing the volatility, thermal and thermo-catalytic stability, and chromatographic mobility of polar and unstable organic compounds. In addition to chemical aspects of silylation, mass spectral properties of silyl derivatives useful for structure determination and quantitation of various organic and biologically-active compounds, mainly by GC/MS, are described. Practically all tested and widely used silylating agents are described. The role of comprehensive libraries containing reference mass spectra for various silyl derivatives and search systems in structure determination is emphasized. Applications of silylation for particular analyses are summarised.