VITAMIN VALUE OF THE GERODIETETIC PRODUCT FOR ENTERAL NUTRITION

Background. The analysis of the current demographic structure of the world and Ukrainian population gives reasons to state a rather significant increase in the number of older age groups representatives. At the beginning of 2021, the total number of people over 60 in Ukraine is more than 10 million and is 24.44 %. According to the rate of population aging and the general dynamics of this indicator, Ukraine ranks 10-th in world rankings In order to create appropriate conditions to meet the nutritional needs, especially of elder aging groups representatives, including with increased physical and emotional loads, during periods of diseases and injuries treatment, primarily somatic, and reha­bilitation after them, a Ukrainian gerodietetic dry powdery product for enteral nutrition has been developed The aim of the work is to research the vitamin value of gerodietetic dry soluble product for enteral nutrition and to analyze the average satisfaction level of the recom­mended daily requirement for the elderly persons in presented vitamins after product’s consumption in a ready liquid form. Materials and methods. The research’s object was the developed gerodietetic dry soluble product for enteral nutrition. Dry soluble product for enteral nutrition Peptamen, produced by the Nestle company (Switzerland), was selected as a control sample. The following methods were used to research the vitamin value: high-performance liquid chromatography using the liquid chromatograph "Lumachrom" with a chromatographic column and a pre-column, filled with an inverted-phase sorbent "Kromasil C18", and spectrophotometric, using a spectrophotometer "Specord 210". While holding the research five-fold replicate experiments and three-fold analyzes were used. Mathematical and statistical processing of the results was performed using a computer in MS Excel. The determined reliability of the deviation of the obtained results does not exceed 0.03. Results. The obtained experimental results allow to state that the addition of whey protein concentrate into the developed gerodietetic powdery product for enteral nutrition contributed to the provision of high biological value, in particular to increase the content of niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, retinol, thiamine, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid. Additional enrichment of the product by the β-carotene (taking into account its corresponding retinol equivalence), thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and calciferol allowed to increase the vitamin value of the product significantly. It was established, that consumption (usage) of the developed gerodietetic product for hereditary purposes significantly contributes to the intake of retinol (including β-carotene) – the daily requirement is achieved by almost 83.45 %, thiamine – by 66.53 %, riboflavin – by 2.94 %, pyridoxine – by 80.84 %, ascorbic acid – by 25.09%, less for niacin – by 5.89 %, pantothenic acid – by 19.16 %, folic acid – by 10.67 % and almost does not meet the needs of cyanocobalamin – only 0.06 %, calciferol – by 0.04 %, other vitamins. Conclusion.The developed gerodietetic dry soluble product for enteral nutrition is characterized by increased vitamin value and rather high level of ensuring the gene­ralized daily needs of persons belonging to the older age category in vitamins, in par­ticular with increased physical and emotional loads, diseases and injuries, including somatic, due to the consumption of 100 g of dry soluble product in liquid prepared form. The prospect of further research is the clinical analysis of vitamins, that are presented in the developed product, metabolic absorption level and a more detailed study of product’s consumer properties.

THE ELEMENTS COMPOSITION OF GERODIETETIC PRODUCT FOR ENTERAL NUTRITION

The elemental composition of the developed gerodietetic dry soluble product for enteral nutrition was researched in the article. Also, the satisfaction level of older age group representatives’ average needs in mineral elements basing on the developed pro­duct’s in ready for usage liquid form consumption was identified and analyzed.

Triggering outer membrane leakiness of a novel E. coli strain for recombinant protein production

BackgroundRecombinant proteins in Escherichia coli are expressed inside the cell. With the growing interest in continuous cultivation, secretion of product to the medium is not only a benefit, but a necessity in future bioprocessing. In this study, we present a novel E. coli production host for growth decoupled recombinant protein production that can leak up to 90% of recombinant protein to the extracellular space. We investigated the effects of the process parameters temperature and specific glucose uptake rate on physiology, productivity, lysis and leakiness. Two model proteins were used, Protein A and a VHH single-domain antibody, and performance was compared to the industrial standard strain BL21(DE3).ResultsWe show that inducible growth repression in the novel E. coli strain enGenes-X-press, the effect of the metabolic burden on host physiology can be greatly reduced compared to BL21(DE3). Furthermore, in both strains, increasing temperature and specific substrate enhanced productivity and leakiness. Using the enGenes-X-press strain, extracellular Protein A and VHH titer reached up to 349 mg/g and 19.6 mg/g, respectively, comprising between 80 and 90% of total soluble product, while keeping cell lysis to a minimum. BL21(DE3) leaked 198 mg/g and 3.9 mg/g of Protein A and VHH to the medium, accounting for only 56% and 34% of total soluble product, respectively.ConclusionsWe confined the parameter space in which outer membrane leakiness can be controlled, while maintaining cell viability. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that the enGenes-X-press strain constitutes a superior host for extracellular production of recombinant protein.

Soluble Product of Parafree Lie Algebras and Its Residual Properties

The parafree Lie algebras are an extraordinary class of Lie algebras which shares many properties with a free Lie algebra. In this work, we turn our attention to soluble product of parafree Lie algebras. We show that soluble product of parafree Lie algebras is parafree. Furthermore, we investigate some residual properties of that product.

Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Hydrotropic Delignification

A B S T R A C TDelignification is a fundamental step in bio-refinery for lignocellulose feedstock processing. Hydrotropic delignification is considered as a promising alternative compared to other conventional delignification processes due to the use of mild chemicals. In this paper, a quantitative description of hydrotropic delignification for a cylindrical biomass particle is presented by using fundamental concepts of chemical kinetics and transport processes. The development of hydrotropic delignification model was based on following assumptions: i) lignin in the biomass is immobile, ii) delignification is considered as a simultaneous process which involves intra-particle diffusion of hydrotropic agent followed by second order reaction for lignin and hydrotropic chemical, as well as intra-particle product diffusion. Finite difference approximation was applied to solve the resulting partial and ordinary differential equations. The simulation results of the proposed model may describe the concentration profiles of lignin, hydrotropic agent and soluble product distributions in a cylindrical solid particle as a function of radial position and time. In addition, the model could also predict the concentration of hydrotropic agent and soluble product in the liquid phase as well as the yield and conversion as a function of time. A local sensitivity analysis method using one factor at a time (OFAT), has been applied to investigate the influence of particle size and hydrotropic agent concentration to the yield and conversion of the hydrotropic delignification model. Validation of the proposed model was conducted by comparing the numerical results with an analytical solution for a simple case diffusion in cylinder with constant surface concentration and in the absence of chemical reaction. The validation result showed that the hydrotropic delignification model was in good agreement with the analytical solution.Keywords: cylindrical particle; delignification; hydrotropic; modelling; simulation A B S T R A KDelignifikasi merupakan tahap penting dalam proses biorefineri biomassa berlignoselulosa. Delignifikasi hidrotropi adalah salah satu alternative proses yang memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan proses-proses delignifikasi konvensional karena tidak menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya. Dalam artikel ini disajikan deskripsi kuantitatif proses delignifikasi hidrotropi untuk partikel berbentuk silinder dengan menggunakan konsep fundamental kinetika reaksi dan proses-proses perpindahan. Penyusunan model proses delignifikasi hidrotropi dilakukan berdasarkan asumsi-asumsi bahwa i) lignin pada biomassa bersifat immobile, ii) proses delignifikasi dipandang sebagai suatu rangkaian proses simultan yang terdiri atas proses difusi intrapartikel senyawa hidrotrop, reaksi order dua terhadap lignin dan senyawa hidrotrop, serta difusi intrapartikel produk delignifikasi. Finite difference approximation (FDA) digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan simultan berbentuk persamaan diferensial ordiner dan persamaan diferensial parsial dalam tahap pemodelan. Hasil simulasi memberikan gambaran profil distribusi konsentrasi lignin, konsentrasi senyawa hidrotrop dan produk delignifikasi di dalam partikel padatan yang berbentuk silinder sebagai fungsi posisi dan waktu. Model yang dikembangkan juga dapat memprediksi konsentrasi senyawa hidrotropik dan produk di fasa cairan, serta yield dan konversi sebagai fungsi waktu. Metode analisis sensitivitas lokal, yakni metode one factor at a time (OFAT), digunakan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ukuran partikel dan konsentrasi senyawa hidrotropik terhadap yield dan konversi proses delignifikasi. Validasi model yang diajukan dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil analisa numerik dengan hasil penyelesaian analitis untuk kasus difusi pada silinder dengan konsentrasi permukaan yang konstan serta tidak melibatkan reaksi kimia. Hasil validasi model menunjukkan bahwa model delignifikasi hidrotropi yang diajukan memiliki kesesuaian yang tinggi dengan hasil penyelesaian analitis.Kata kunci: delignifikasi; hidrotropi; pemodelan; silinder; simulasi

Chito-oligosaccharide by Chitosan Depolymerization Induced with Hydrogen Peroxide for application as Bio-preservative (Antimicrobial) on Traditional Fish boiled

Chitosan has been developed for food product, agriculture, environment, and industry as medical,<br />pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. The depolymerization of chitosan to chito-oligosaccharide was produce on<br />soluble product and has better function as antimicrobial. The objective of this research was to COS with<br />hydrogen peroxide depolimerization for preservatives of fish boiled. Research method included chitosan<br />depolymerization, characterization of COS, and characterization of traditional fish boiled quality. The<br />optimum concentration of chito-oligosaccharide was 2% H2O2 with sonication at frequencies of 20kHz.<br />The treatment produced yield 93.27±0.9%, molecular weight 2.83±0.1 kDa, polymerization degree 17±0.6,<br />and it inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus. The dipping with 0.25% produce the best fish<br />boiled quatity.<br /><br />

Synthesis and Properties of 2-Oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane Sulfonate Salts

An improved synthesis of the bicyclic spiro compound 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane is presented. While this compound is often isolated as an oxalate salt, its isolation as a sulfonic acid salt yields a more stable and more soluble product. With these improved properties access to a wider range of reaction conditions with the spirobicyclic 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane has been enabled.