Circularity for Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) Model

In the transition to a circular focus on electric and electronic products, manufacturers play a key role as the originators of both the products and the information about the products. While the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive’s contemporary focus is on handling the product as waste after its end of life, the circular economy focuses on retaining the product’s value with a restorative system. The polluter-pays principle requires producers of pollution to bear the costs of handling the pollution, leading to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. This requires manufacturers to change their focus from their current passive role of out-sourcing end-of-life treatment to taking explicit responsibility for product management over an extended period of time. This paper investigates how a manufacturer can assume its responsibility to achieve circularity for its products. Based on our findings, three fundamental circularity principles, the circular electric and electronic equipment (CEEE) principles, for manufactures of electronic and electrical equipment are defined: (1) Serialize product identifiers, (2) data controlled by their authoritative source at the edge, and (3) independent actors’ access to edge data via a distributer ledger are the foundation of the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. We demonstrate the model through a case study of how to achieve circularity for lighting equipment. The CEEE principles and the demonstrated model contribute to building new circularity systems for electronic and electric products that let manufacturers undertake their extended product responsibility.

Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Pada Tipe Perusahaan Di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the level of CSR disclosure in sustainability report and to analyze the comparison between GRI categories in high profile and low profile companies. The unit of analysis in this study are 34 companies that have published sustainability report. This research used content analysis method and the data are analyzed using descriptive statistic. The results of this study indicate that the average level of CSR disclosure of high profile companies is higher than low profile companies. The Economic category (EC) and Labor Practices and Decent Work sub-category (LA) are the categories with the highest disclosure rates in both high profile and low profile companies. In the Environmental category (EN), high profile companies do much higher disclosure than low profile companies. In the social category with sub category of Society (SO) and Product Responsibility (PR), there is no significant disclosure difference between high profile and low profile companies. The sub-category of Human Rights (HR) is the lowest-average category of disclosure in both high profile and low profile companies.

Effect of board- and firm-level characteristics on the product responsibility ratings of firms from emerging markets

PurposeConsumers have increasingly become more concerned about environmental degradation, wastage of critical resources and safety. Therefore, firms are adopting sustainability management practices to attract these conscious consumers. Product responsibility (PR) is an important indicator of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability management. This study examines the relationship between the board- and firm-level characteristics and the PR ratings of firms.Design/methodology/approachA temporal design with a lag of one year for a sample of 403 firms from the global emerging economies is analyzed for this purpose.FindingsHierarchical regression analysis shows that total revenue, board size, and board diversity have a positive effect on PR ratings.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings have implications for policy-level decisions on the composition of boards for the sustainable future of firms.Originality/valueThe study is one of the few studies that have looked into the factors affecting the PR ratings, which are an important indicator of the sustainable practices of an organization.

CIGARETTE COMPANY'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONSUMER HEALTH LOSSES AFTER HEALTH WARNING INCLUSION

This study aims to examine whether cigarette companies can release responsibility for the health losses of smokers by including warnings on the dangers of smoking on cigarette packages and analyze how responsibility can be imposed on cigarette companies for the health losses of smokers. This research is a normative juridical study with a statute approach. The primary and secondary legal materials obtained are systematized and synchronized through deductive logic, then analysis is carried out using the interpretive method to provide answers to the proposed legal problems. The results show that cigarette business actors can release responsibility for the health losses of consumers due to smoking if the health losses are as stated in the warning of the dangers of smoking on cigarette packages. However, cigarette companies that cause consumer health losses beyond what is stated in the warning of the dangers of smoking contained in cigarette packs, can be liable based on the principle of product responsibility with a variety of the presumption of always being responsible.

The Current Status of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of Islamic Shari-based Banking Companies in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to examine the current extent and any difference (if any) of CSR disclosure of Islamic Sharia-based banking companies in Bangladesh during the period of 2011-2015. Content analysis is adopted to accumulate the data from company’s annual reports. The CSR checklist comprise of sixteen dimensions (including 85 items) of CSR activities i.e., ‘Environment’, Disaster management, ‘Sports, Shelter, Women, Disabled, Liberation war, Health, Education, Energy, Minorities, Employee, Product responsibility, IT, Community and Government. The study reveals that the grand mean disclosure of CSR information in annual report of Islamic banks is 25.89% with a standard deviation of 5.49%. Empirical evidence provides that there is statistically significant difference of CSR disclosure among Islamic Sharia-based banking companies in Bangladesh. But there is no significant difference of CSR disclosure of Islamic banking industry in Bangladesh year to year. Moreover, CSR disclosure of Islamic Shari-based banking companies is not diversified rather concentrated on some specific dimension and items of CSR. The study is mainly based on annual reports for the financial year 2011-2015 of Islamic Sharia-based banking companies in Bangladesh. Hence, the conclusion reached cannot be generalized.

Photographs depicting CSR: captured reality or creative illusion?

Purpose The purpose of this study is to uncover the extent of utilisation of photographs depicting corporte social responsibility (CSR) information in corporate annual reports and the possible motives for their use. Design/methodology/approach The study used visual content analysis, based on Banks’ (2001) strategy of “looking through”, “looking at” and “looking behind” photographic images, to examine and analyse 4,933 photographs contained in the 2005, 2010 and 2015 annual reports of 70 companies listed on New Zealand Stock Exchange. The findings were interpreted using the impression management theoretical construct. Findings The findings show a marked increase in the utilisation of photographs for CSR-associated disclosures by the sample companies. Surprisingly, the quantity of photographs depicting environmental performance has declined, whereas those featuring product responsibility have increased significantly. The “messages” encoded in the photographs create idealistic images of the companies being caring and responsible corporate citizens. This suggests that companies are systematically using symbolic presentations such as photographs of children and families for rhetorical impression management. Practical implications The study contributes to a greater understanding of the power of photographs in representing and constructing “reality” of CSR performance. The findings have the potential to inform and assist the promulgation of guidelines for CSR reporting, as well as make users aware that photographs could be exploited as a rhetoric and impression management tool in pursuit of symbolic legitimacy. Originality/value The study develops a structured approach for categorising and analysing CSR-related photographs and adds to the scant literature on the utilisation of photographs as a medium for CSR information dissemination.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEREDARAN OBAT TRADISIONAL BERBAHAN KIMIA OBAT

Masyarakat Indonesia berkembang berbagai obat tradisional. Namun, banyak beredar di pasaran beberapa obat tradisional yang didalamnya dicampuri bahan kimia obat (BKO). Peraturan yang mengandung aspek perlindungan konsumen obat tradisional sebetulnya telah ada dan tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan di Indonesia. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini tentang dasar hukum perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional yang mengandung BKO dan analisis yuridis perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional yang mengandung BKO. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Library Research, dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh, pertama: Peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur perlindungan konsumen dapat dikelompokkan dalam empat bagian, yaitu: bidang perindustrian, perdagangan, kesehatan dan lingkungan hidup. Dasar hukum perlindungan konsumen obat tradisional BKO terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1992 tentang Kesehatan, dapat pula dijumpai dalam UUD 1945, KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Perindustrian, Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 69 Tahun 1999 tentang Label dan Iklan Pangan dan Permenkes RI Nomor: 246/Menkes/ Per/V/1990. Kedua, masalah perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional BKO ini tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan tahapan-tahapan transaksi konsumen lainnya. Yang berlaku bukan lagi caveat emptor (bahwa konsumenlah yang harus berhati-hati), tetapi caveat venditor yaitu produsen/ penjual/penyalur produk atau kreditorlah yang harus bertanggung jawab, yang lazim disebut tanggung jawab produk. Dengan kata lain undang-undang tersebut hanya mengatur kepentingan konsumen dari sisi produsen atau pelaku usaha. Sementara dari sisi lain yang terpenting, hak-hak konsumen terabaikan. Indonesian people develop various traditional medicines. However, many are circulating in the market some traditional medicines in which are mixed with medicinal chemicals. Regulations that contain aspects of consumer protection for traditional medicines actually exist and are spread in various regulations in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem of this research is about the legal basis of consumer protection against the circulation of traditional medicins containing medicinal chemicals and the juridical analysis of consumer protection against the circulation of traditional medicins containing medicinal chemicals. This type of research is library research, with an analytical descriptive approach. From the results of the study, first: laws that regulate consumer protection can be grouped into four parts, namely: the fields of industry, trade, health and the environment. The legal basis for the protection of consumers of traditional medicinal chemicals medicins contained in the regulation of law about consumer protection 1999 Number 8 and also in the regulation of law about health in 1992 point 23. Moreover, it can also be found in in the KUH Perdata 1945 and then in the regulation of law about Trade 2014 number 7, regulation of law about industry 2014 number 3, in the regulation of Law 2012 about Food, number 18 and the Government Regulation 1999 about Labels and Advertisement of Food 1999 Number 69 and Minister of Health Regulation 1990 Number 246. Secondly, the problem of consumer protection against the circulation of traditional medicinal chemicals medicins cannot be separated from the steps of the other consumer transactions. What applies is no longer the caveat venditor (that consumers must be careful), but the caveat venditor, which is the producer/seller/distributor of the product or the creditor, must be responsible, which is commonly called product responsibility. In other words, the law only regulates the interests of consumers in terms of producers or business actors. While from the other important side, consumer rights are neglected.

Is sustainability a driver of the circular economy?

Purpose This study aims to analyse how Natura's practices of circular economy and sustainability overlap. Design/methodology/approach This study is descriptive and qualitative, based on a thematic content analysis, and it describes and compares the performance of Natura in several dimensions, including economic, environmental, social, human rights, society, product responsibility and stakeholder engagement. A longitudinal study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of all Natura sustainability reports; these reports are available for public consultation and cover the period from 2001 to 2016. Findings The main results show that there is symmetry between sustainability practices and the premises of the circular economy, with the ReSOLVE classification being met in most of the items. Originality/value Innovation is the essential element that facilitated the creation of a portfolio of products that meet consumer demand.

ANALISIS PENGARUH SUSTAINABILITY TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI PERTAMBANGAN BATU BARA

<p><em>Sustainability </em>adalah sebuah cara bagaimana sebuah perusahaan meminimalkan kerusakan yang terjadi yang disebabkan oleh perusahaan terhadap lingkungan, sosial dan apakah sebuah perusahaan memiliki sebuah tata kelola perusahaan yang baik. Sektor industri batu bara dimana di dalam proses produksinya sangat berkaitan dengan lingkungan dan sosial tentunya sangat berkaitan dengan <em>sustainability</em>. <em>Sustainability </em>dapat diukur dengan menggunakan <em>ESG Score </em>yaitu skor <em>environment, social </em>dan <em>governance </em>secara umum dan secara khusus dengan secara khusus dibagi lagi menjadi, <em>Resource Use Score, Emissions Score, Environmental Innovation Score, Workforce Score, Human Rights Score, Community Score, Product Responsibility Score, Management Score, Shareholders Score</em>, dan <em>CSR Strategy Score</em>. Penelitian ini mencari pengaruh antara <em>ESG Score </em>dengan <em>return saham </em>dari perusahaan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan data panel. Hasilnya adalah variabel <em>management</em> dan <em>csr strategy</em> berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan <em>return saham </em>perusahaan dalam sektor industri <em>coal mining</em><em>.</em></p>Kata Kunci: <em>sustainability, coal mining, esg score, return </em>saham